Copyright 2000 by Center for Citizen Initiatives.

All rights reserved

Last Updated: Wednesday, May 3, 2000 16:15

ݢ 5: 䓴ϒ΀ ƒ ƶ݂

ݢ 5: 䓴ϒ΀ ƒ ƶ݂

̒Ʃ ݢ: ƴ ݷ ϒ ƒƢ ƶ݂ ƀ Ƨ ߂ݒς. 邮 ˮ. 邮 ݢӒ ưƩ , ΁ , ߴ ݢƷ ƒ ˀ ϒ. ƣ ݧ݀ ϒ, ƒ ƶ݂ ƒ ƒ ˮ, ݷ ƀ ". Ƃ݂ Ʃ ϒ ƨƶ ˀ ƧƒƢϷ ΢݂ ݂ʀ, ݁ ߰ݒ ߨƶƷ ߂ݩ ư . ݢ خ݂ ƣ, ư ݒ ݨ ݢ ư ݨ݂Ʃ ϒ ƨ, Ƃ ƒ݀ ƒ Ʃ.

箣 ưưȀ ԢӒ ƴ ưݒΨ, ݁ خ݂ ϒ . ݁, ݶƣ ݢ . ݴ Β ݒ ݨ ݨƀ ưȀ ݢ ϒ Ʃ ݷ ݷ, ƒƩ ưݒϷ - ݨ݂ ߂ݨ ƔƂݴݨ ݷ".

ݨ ߂ݒ Ƣ ݨ݂ƨ ưȀ

ݨ݂ʀ Ƣˀ Ԓ ƴݒ ƣ - Ƣ. ƀ҂ ݒ ̒ ݀ ƷςƩ ƴρ ηȀ, ݒ. ַ ƒ ݧݒ Ʒ ݒ, ƶ Ƃ ηش.

Ĩ݂ ƣ ΰӒ. 먀 ߂݁ ", ݷ ƷƢ. ƶ Ƣ Ȁ Ʒݒ ΰݒϷ ߧ, ݁ ƨ, ݢ ݢ. ݨ݂ Ƨ߂ݒς ƴݣӒ, Ƣ, ƒΩ ΰ݀ ԢԀ Ʒ, ݢ , ƷƧ. Ĩ ΰ ƒ΢݀ ƣ .

Ĩ݂ Ψ Ƃ݁ݨ ƢƩ ߂. 邮 Ӓ Ʒ, خ‚ ݴ ưȀƨ ݂ .. ַ ݩ ƴ , ߢ.

Ĩ݂ Ȁ ƒԒ , . Ĩ݂ʀ Ӓ, Ƣ , Ƃ ƒ Ԩ ưȀ. р ̒ ݨԒ ƨ ưȀ ˮ ݷݢƨ ߂ ӧϨ, ƒΨ ư݀.

Ĩ݂ ݷ Ԓ Ƨ. , ݁ Ʒ Ƨ Ӓ ƨ ݶ ư ƴƨ ˮ ƒˀ, Ĩ Ƨ ư Ԓ ߧ ƶ. Ĩ݂, ؓˀȮ Ʒ, Ʒƨ ư ̒Ʃ ݧʮ, ̒ƨ Ƃ Ӓ ߒ Ƨ, ߂, ̒ Ԓ Ʒ. ݨ݂, ƒ΀ ƣ δ Ʒ, ߂݁ƨ ̒Ʃ ݧʮ. ƶݴ, ݩ Ʒ҂Ψ, ݨ Ƨ. Ʒ ˀ ݧʮ.

ƷԂ ݨ݂ ߂ƨ ƧƧԒ Ʒ شݒ ݷƧƢ Ʒ. Ԯ ƨ ƷݢԀ ݨ ݢ݁ . ƣ Ƃ ƣ ݷ ݷ ݂. ַ Ƃ Ӓ, Ƃ شݒԒ Ȁ. 駂݁, ݨ ݨƨ شݒ ư ݷƧ. ƣ Ғ ݨ݂ݨ, ݣݒ شݒ Ʈ Ɣ, خ, ݂ .. 鶮݀, ݶΩ ݂Ƣ ݢ. 뒮؀ ΧҒ ʀ ƁΒ ˮ ݷƧƢ . Ԯ ƨ ߂݀ ߨ ˀ ؀ ƶ݀, شݒ Ʈ ΀ ݷƧ. ݁Ʃ ݷ, ߨƶ, ݁ ݷƧƢ, Ʃ ƒݒ ƴˀ Ʃ .

ӧ ƒˀ

ˀ ƒˀ ݨ݂ݨ

݁ ƒƷ Ȯݨ, ƒ΀ ݂Ӓ ƢƧȮ Ʒ ߂? ݁ ƒ ƨ, ˮ Ԯƨ ݔ-ݨ݂? Ƣݴ, ߂ݴ Ƨ ƒƢ ƨƷݴ? Ʒ, ư ߨ . 駂݁, ݀ ưƧΨ ԷƷ Ԣ, ݁ Ƃ δ, ƴˮ ӧ, ƒΨ Ĩ ƒԒ ݂ߨ, ݷߨ, ݶ Ȯݨ, ʮ ƒˀ ݨ ƨƷݴςΨ ݁ƂƷԨ.

ƶݴ, Ʒƒ ߧ "ƴƣ". 瀁ƒ΀ Ƣ, ƒ΀ ݀ ƷςΨ, ƣ ư .

܀Ȯ

Ʒ Ԓ Ȯ ݂Դ ƀ ƢƧ ƨ݂. ƣ Ʒ ݶƢ Ԁ Ȯ-Ƣ . ƒ ƒ ƢƩ, ˀ ϒ ݴƷ, Ȯ ƴ ƨ Ʒخ΢ݒ . 1950 Ƨ Ʒς ƴƩ ʀ Ȯ ƴ ηˀ ưƢ݂, ƴˮ ݰƒݴ ƧݢݒԨ, ݨ ƒݨ. 駂݁, 1960 Ƨ Ȯ ݴ ƒݮݒ Ʈ ݢ ƴݒ ưƢ݂ , ƒ΀ ݂ˀ ݴ ς . ƣ ݴ ߂ݒƁݨ ƀ ݂Ӓ ƢƧȮ Ʒ ݨ݂ ʮ.

܀Ȯ ݢ ݨƷԒς. ƣ Ӓ Ƨ ư؀ݒ Ʈ . ݰƒ Ȯ ưӒ ݨ ݢ.

ƴƣ: Ʒ 18 Ԓ Ƣ woman" (Ȯ), girl" (ˁ). рˁ" ƶ ߢݒ Ʒς. ܀Ȯ Ԓ η΢݂ ƴ ƁƢϷƣ ƒˀ.

ӧ ߴΨ ʢƨ ƶ

ݷƢ΀ ƒˀ ؀ ݨݒ ߨ Ʒ 30 . ƴ ݁ ʮ ƒˀ ݷݨ, ݂ƒ ݷƢ΀ , δ Ϩ ݷƷ݂ ˴ƨ. 뀣Ƨ Ƃ ݰƴӒ . ݁ƀ Ƣ ݀ ƴρ ƴ ݢςΨ" ƴˀ ݷ ưȀ, ߮ Ʒ Ƣƣ ƷƮ ݷƢ ʮ. ˮ ƴ ݧ΢ݒ ƣݷƢ݂΀ , ư ƷݢԒ ߨƶƷ ӧԨ ߴΨ ʢƨ ƶ ݂ݒ ݢ ƴƷ.

ˮ ݷݢƨ ߂ ƶ ƁݒϷ Ƣ Ψ ʢƨ ƶ, Ԯƨ ƨ - Ƨ ߮, ݴςƨ ƒ - ݂ƣƢȮ, .. Ӱƨ ݀, ̒ ӧ ƔƂݴς ƧƒƢ Ʒư Ʒݢ ƷƧƀ ư ߨȀ. 邮 ƶӒ, ưݒϷ ݁ ݢΨ.

ƴƣ: 뀣Ƨ ݨ݂ʀ Ψ ʢƨ ƶ ΢Ӓ "People of Color" ("ӧ Ψ ʢƨ ƶ"). ˀ, "ethnic minorities" ("̒ ˮ"), Ʒƴρ ƒ ݁ ΢݀΀ "ˮ" ݨƨ ƷݢӒ ƴˮ ݷ, ƒ ƀ ݢƩ ؀ ݷƷ݂. ݶ "colored people" ("ʢ΀"), ƒ ݶ ƶ "ӧ Ψ ʢƨ ƶ", ƒԴƷ ݰƢݧ. 뀣Ƨ Ƃ Ɓ . Ƃ Ƃ΀ ߮ς΀ خ, ƒԀ΀ ƒˀ ݁- ̒ , Ƣˀ . 봀Ȯ ݶ Ԓ Ƃ ̒ :

֢

ݷ ƒˀ Ԩ, ݁ ݁ ̒ ߂Ψ ݨ Ƣˀ ưȀƨ. Ă η΢݂ ƁӒ ƷӒ Ӱƣ, ݢƷ ƒ ݧƷ Ʃ ʮƂݴςƷ. Ĩ݂, ư ߂Ӓ ȀƢ݂ ݂ߨ Ʒ, ݁ ݁ ߂Ӓ ư ݷߨ Ĩ, ƣ ݧݒ ݨ Ʒ ߂ Ʒ. ַ ƢƷ ư ݂ƣ Ʒ, ݶ ư ̒ƨ Ԩ.

ƨƷݴςΨ ݁ƂƷԨ

Ʒ Ԓ ݨ݂ƀ ưȀ, Ʒư Ƨ, ƴˀ ƴˀ ݴ ߂ݢݒ ƨƷݴςΨ ݁ƂƷԨ ݁ ݢ Ƣ ưȀ. ݂ˀ ưȀԒƩ Ʃ ݴݷ ƷݴςƷ ƒƂԨ ƒ ݴ ݰˮ ƒΨ. ΂ ԢƷ ςƀ ưȀƀ , ݢƀ ݢ ̒ƣ ƴƶ. - Ʒݢ ݶ݂ݨ ߨƶƷ ƒΒ Ƣ ƨ, Ƃ ݩ ݨ݂ƨ ưȀ. ƣ Ƨ ˒ݒ Ԓ ݁Ƃ, Ȯ ʮ ƒˀ ݨ ƨƷݴςΨ ݁ƂƷԨ . 򓒁 ς΀ ݶ ݧ ƒԒ ƧƩ , ƒƩ Ƨ ݶƢ.

ƴƣ: Ƣ "homosexual" ("ƨƷݴ") ƣ ݒϷ ƷςΨ ƨƷݴςΨ ݁ƂƷԨ . ƒԴƷ 50- 60- Ƨ Ʒ ƒݒςΩ ƒƁ. 駂݁ Ȁςƀ "homosexuality" ("ƨƷݴςƷ") Ƨ ˮƁƨ ƒ. Ԓ Ƣ "gay" ("Ω").

钂ˀ π

Ĩ݂ Ƨ ݷ΢Ӓ ݰƒ Ʒ Ƨ ؀. Ĩ ƶ , ư Ʒ΀ Ʈ ƧԨ, Ƨ-؀Ƃ Ʈ Ϩ. Ƨ ư ƧӒ Ʈ , Ɓ ƁƂݒ ƴ ˁƴ. ݷ 18-22 , ݁ ݢ, ݮӒ ݰƒ, Ӓ , ƁӒ ݨƷԒς ư؀Ӓ ݨ. ݷ 18-21 Ƨ Ƣ݀ ݶΩ ؀Ƨ ƒ ƒƩ ݢƷ ƷƩ ݢƷ.

р ݧ ƣ" Ӓ ƒƷ ݢƷ. ݢ ݒ ˀ ݨƷԒς. ݷ 16 ƴӒ ݢ Ƨ ˮ ݰƒݒ. ƣ ӂˮ ˁ ݮӒ ݰƒ, ư ݰƒݒ ϣ ߢ, Ƨ خ ϣ Ƨ݂Ω ݢƨư. Ƨ ؀Ƃƣ ݷ ƶ Ԓ ݂ ݢƷ ƒԒ ݨ ݰƒϷ ߨƶƷ. ƒ ƒ ƷԂ, Ϯ ߢƂԒ ƒ ݢӒ . ݶ Ϯ ߢƂԒ ݒ Ʒ.

钂ˀ

ݨ݂ʀ ƶ Β ƶ ߂݁ƨ ݴ ߀, Ƃ ưȀ, ݁ ƷԂ ˀ ߂݁ƨ, ƴˀ ߁ ߀. ƷԂ ݷ Ɓ ƒˀ ݨ݂ʀ . ƣ ̒ ݂ Ʒ. Ĩ݂ ƣ ߢݒ ƨ" ؀ƣ ƣ, ݢƷ ƒ ƣ ݁ ƴ Ƃ / ߂݀. Ĩ݂ ƶ ߂ݩ Ʒ: ߢƂ Ʃ !" ؓ ƷԂ ݒ ߢƂ, ƒƣ Ʒ. Ĩ݂ Ƣ , Ƃ ưݒς ߢƂ. Ʒ ߮ ưƀ ݨ, ƒƀ ݒ ƶ Β ƒƧ ݧ ش݂ ݨ ư݂ƷԨ. ַ ƒ Β , ݨ ߂, ƣƢ ݷ. ƣ ش݂Ƣ݂, ƶ Β , ̒ .

ݨ݂ʀ ƶ ߁ , ̒ Ғ ݁ƀ ݢ ƶ߂Ψ Ԩ, ƒ΀ ȀӒ Ԩ Ʒ. Ŵ߁ Ĩ ̒ ӧ ߁ ݨ ʀƷԨ, ƒ΀ ƴρ ݧ. Ʒƴρ ݨ݂ ƴ ƧΩ ư ߂ Ȁ, ƷԂ Ӓ ݰƒ, ƨ, Ƨ, Ƃ ȮӒ ƒˀ ƴ , ݁ ƷԂ.

Ĩ݂, ƷƢƨ, Ӓ ݒϷ Ƨ- Ԩ, ƴƩ Ʃ ߀. ư ΀ Ƃ΀ ߢƂ Ԩ ƧΨ. ݁ Ϯ, , ݁ ݢ, ƒς: Ƃ ݂Ӓ , ؀ߢ݂Ӓ Ƃ ƴݣӒ, ݶƣ ߂.

ݰƒ ƒ

钂ˀ ݰƒ

ݰƒ ݶ ݨ݂ʀ. Ƃ ˮӒ : ɧ ݰƒ݀?" ƒ ƒ΀ ݨ݂ ƒԒ ݰƒ ݁ ưƧƷ, ƣ ݷݒӒ ݰƒ ݁ ؓ π, ݁ ݧƷ ƷӒ ƴ˓ ݷ ƀ ߂ ݨƷƢˀƢ݂. Ĩ݂ Ƣ ̒ ƴݣ݀ ݰƒ ݨƓ ؀.

ӧ ݰƒӒ ƴˀ ƷϨ ݷƢ, ư ݢˮ ƀ ƣƢ. ݰ ς ߢ ƒƷ Ƃ Ԓ ƴ ݰƒ Ɓ. Β ݰƒ Ȁ, ݧȀ ƨ݂, ݀ Ƣƨ ̒ ƶ ݷ Ƨ () ƒԒ ݰƒ. ƴ ݶ, ƶ ƒԒ ݶ ƴ. ƴˮ ݨ݂ʀ ߰݀ ԒςƷ, ƒ ƶ Ʒݢ Ƨ ƨ ƔƂݴς ؓʮ.

Ĩ݂ Ӓ, Ƃ ƧԒ ݰƒ ݰƒݒ ƢˀƢݒϷ ƀ ưݷ, ưݒϷ Ԩ. Ʒ݂΀ ƒ҂΀ Ԓ ݁Ʃ ؀, ݁ ݰƒ Ʒ. ַ ƒ ƨ݂ Ӓ ƒ ؀΢, ư خ ˁ Ɣ, Ƃ ƷƢƨ ƢԒ ݰƒ.

ƴݨ ƶ ݢϷ ݰƒݒ , Ƃ Ƣ ưݒς ݂ƢԒ ߁ Ԩ. ƴݨ Ԓ Ϸ Ψ ƧưƷԨ Ʃ ߂. ݴς Ʒƨ Ʃ ߂ Ʈ Ƨ҂. ݰƒ ݨ݂ ư Ӓ ݶ, ݁ Ƨ ƨ݂; Ƃ ȓ ݷ΢Ӓ , Ƨ ƴ ݰƒ Ʃ ԧ ˮ ߀. ַ ݁ ߂݀, ̒ ƮƧ ݨ ݰƒ.

Ĩ݂ ư ݂Ӓ ݰƒ Ʈ ߀ ƧƢ. ƣ Ϯ ݰƒӒ ƧƩ ƨ݂, ݰƒ ƷƢ ߂݂ , ߂݁ƨ ƧΨ Ԩ. ƣ ݨ݂ ݂݀ Ƣƣ ƒ, Ƃ(Ƃ) ư ΰ݀ ߀ Ƣ ƀ Ϯ; ̒ ƶ Β ƷԒ ݁ ƒ ƔƂݴߨ ݒ ƷƶԨ ݰƒ. ݀, ݢԒ ƒݨ, ƧȮ Ƨ ƒˀ, ƒƨ Ƃ ݷ΢Ӓ ưݶ ݢ. Ƃ, ƶ Ω" ߂, Ʒư ƴˮ Ƨ, ƣ ݰƒӒ Ɓ Ɓ ƴρ Ɓƴ. ݁ ƣ ƴˮ Ƨ.

駂 ݨ ƧƢ Ĩ: 傀 ¢ݒ݀ ݷƢ ". ƶ, ݨ݂ ϒ ݣݴ Ƣˁ ƂƩ Ƃ . ݶ, ƣ Ʒݒ ݰƒ, ߢ, Ϯ ߀. ݨ ߢݩ ƣ ʀ ݨ݂ݨ Ƃ ݂Ӓ . ַ ݨ ݨ݂ʀ, ݩ ߨƶƀ, ư ߧݒ. ַ ΂ ƒ , ߢƂ ݂ .

钂ˀ Ʒ

Ĩ݂ ƢƧԒ ƣ , ش݂ Ʈ Ƨ΀, ƒ, ƒؓ ߧ. 鷂Ƣ ʀ - ƴ ƢƴϷ ƒ‚ Ʒ Զ҂Ʃ ݰ . Ĩ݂ ݴ ƣƨƀ ƴ Ƣ ư ƴ Ʒ. ݷȀ ƴ ݨ ʮ ݷ, Ʒƨ ݰӧ Ʃ.

Ĩ݂ ӰԒ Ƨ Ƨ, ݒ, ݂ݒϷ ƨ Ψ ƨ, شݢݒ, ݒ ƴƴ, ƴ .. ƣ Ƃ ݷƴρ Ӓ, ݶ, ̒ ƒ, ݷ ݰƒ! ƒ ƒ ݁ Ƣ ߢݩ ηƁ, Ʒƴρ ݁ ƣ Ƣ ݰƒ ݂ ƴƨ ƨӒƨ. āΩ ƒ ݂Ƣ Ψ ݷݶ!

рϣ

钂ˀ ϣݨ

Ĩ݂ ݧʮ ƒƷԒ ϣݨ ƴ ߂, . ƶ ݶ ݒ, Ƃ ؀ . ǀԒ, ̒ ߓϒݒ ߴ ˮ ́Ƃƨ . Ĩ݂ ƴ δ ݰƒϷ ƨ, ư شݒ ʮƀ ư݂ ƀ Ϯ, ηˀ ưƢ݂ Ʈ , ư؀ ؀ شݒ ƶ ݷƧƢ, ƒ΀ Ƣƨ ߀ Ƣݴ Ƣ ݢϷƨ. ݨƣ ݨ݂ʀ ݒ Ϸ Ψ ƒˀ ϣݨ, ݶΩ ƴ. ƣ Ӓ, ݨ݂ʀ ζݒ ƶ" Ғ ݴ ƒ ǀƩ 1929 Ƨ, ƣ ˮ Ƨ Ƨ ƒԴ , Ɓݴ ݂ ζ݂. 邮 ؀ݴ Ȁ Ɓƴ Ʒ, ư Β ƒƢΨ ƨ ".

ݷ Ĩ ƶ ݒ ߓ: 傀 ¢ݒ݀ ", ƴˮ ݀ ̒ ݢ. ƣ ݨ݂ ƒ ƴ ƴ. ݨ݂ Ɓ݀ ΒƢ΀ Ƣ شݒ ݴΨ ϣݨ ƴˮ Ƣ, ݁ ݁ ̴Ƃƀ Ƃƀ ưƢ݂ ƨ, , ݢƨư ƨ. ֶ΀ ƒ ̒ Ȯ ƣ Ϸ ƣ Ƨ (5 ݢƨư, 30 ƨ). Ʒ شݒ ̒ Ƣ, ƧȮ ݶΩ , ƣ ݨ݂ʀ ƷҒ ƣ ΀ ݒ.

ƣ ݨ݂ ƒݧ΢Ӓ ݷ Ʈ ݰƒƢ ȓ ؀. ߂݀, ưݢƁ ݴƣݨ, ƒԨ Ƃ ʮݴςƣ ư؀ .. ƴς ݰƒ ƒݧ΢݀ Ғ Ȁ ؀. ƴ ϣ ؀Ƃƣ Ғ Ʒ ؀Ƃƣ ݷ ƶ ƒԢ ߂ς ݷ . Ĩ݂ƀ ݢϷ ش݀ ؀Ƃݨ ƴˮ ؀, ƒ΀ ƴӒ ư΀ ؀Ƃ΀ ƣݨ . Ѵ ƣ, ư ζ ݁ݒ ߂, ݨ݂ ƴ Ƨݒ ݂, 30, ˮ ƴρ Ƃݧư, ƣ Ƃ Ω ؀.

Ĩ݂ ƧݴӒ ϣ . ݩ Ԩ ƣ ˮ . ƴˮ ݶ Ғ ƴƢ Ʒ ϣ . ƣ ϣ ݂Ӓ ƀ Ϯ, ƒ - ݀ ςΨ ݂ݒ ϣ ݂, ʀ Ƣ ݩ ƒƢ݂ Ƃʮ Ƣ, ݂Ƣƣ ݴςΨ ߀Ψ ݂ƨ.

Ĩ݂ ΀ ߂݁

ƀ҂ ݒ ݂ƒ ƷƮƨ 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 100 ƴƢ. ַ ݂ƒ ƴˀ ƷƮ, Ƃ Ӓ. Ƿ ݂ƒ Ƨ݁Ƣƣ ߨ Ƨ݁Ƣƣ ߀҂ƣ ʢ. Ƃ ΢Ӓ ƷƮƨ 1 ʀ - (penny) 5 ʀƢ - (nickel) 10 ʀƢ - (dime) 25 ʀƢ - (quarter) 50 ʀƢ ƴ-ƴ 1 ƴ 100 ʀƢ (. . ).

ʮ ƒƷς . ,ς, ݷ ƣ ƶ ݒ ݴư , ƴρ ʀ ƣ Ʒ. ƷƢƨ, Ƨ݁, ʀ ƷӒ ƷԂΨ ݂ƒ Ӓ ƀ ƷƮ.

ƮƷ ΒƢ ݷƧƢ

( Ƣ Ƣƴς ƷԂ Ĩ) 

	ˀ ƴƀ 
	ħ
	Ƨ, ˒ݒ, ƢΩ 
	݂	

					ƴƀ  ƴݒ
					ħ
					Ƨ, ˒ݒ, ƢΩ 
					݂

Ĩ݂ ƣ ݒϷ ƷԒςΨ, ݒݴςƀ ƣƴ ƶ Β ư݂Ψ. ݨ ƶ ƁݒϷ ݂Ψ, Ĩ݂ ƴ ݶ "" ƨ, ݁ ƣ. Ƣ ߂ ߓƢ ηƁ, ƮƷ ߂ ηƁ. 봀 ƨ, ƴˀ ݴ݀ ߂Ψ Ψ ưݨ ƴˮ شݒ ƒ ݶ η ƴƢ ݶΩ Ƣ, ʮƀ ư݂, ݂, , Ƣ شݒ ݩƢ ưƢ݂, Ɓݒ ݢƨư ݩƢ ƨ.

Ѵ ݨ Ғ ؀

Ƃ δ ش ݂ ؀. 駂݁ Β ́Ƃƨ ƣ, ư ݒ ˓ ؀ Ȯ ưƧ΀ ݶƢ, ΢ݴ ߂΀ ư ƒ ΧȮ ݶƢ. 뒮؀ ݨ ΧҒ ʀ ݒ ݷ ݂Ƣ ݢΨ ƒ ݷݢ ߂ Ԁ ƨ. , , ƴ Ʒݒ ݂, Ɣ, Ƣ ƣ Ƨ, Ƃ ߣƢƢ ƣ ݂.

Ƣݒ ߧ ƴ ư, ݶ Ʒݒ . Ĩ݂ شݒԒ Ʒ ݂, Ɣ, ƀߧ ݂. 邮 ߂Ӓ, ݨ ̒ƣ Χ݂ ؀. ַ ݨ شݒ Ʈ ݷƧ, ˮ ݨ݂ Ԁ Ԓ ˀ ݢƷ. Ƣ:

݁

瀒 ƨ, ݶƢ ƴҒ ƶƨ ʮ, ƒ΀ ݧݒ ݷ. ƀ- ƣ ݨ ݧ΢ݒϷ ݨ ˮ ݴ. ƀ- ƣ, , ߨƷ Ʒ Ԓ. ƧԒ ̒؀ ưƢ݂. ݰӧ݀ ʮ ݷˮ ݢݢ, Ԓ ݶ ݧƷ ƢƧ ϒƣ ߂ư߮; ݁ ʮ ƨ Ʃ, Ʃ ݁ Ԓ ˀ.

"ʮƂΩ ", ƒΩ ݷ ݷ, Ҵ ˀ ȀƢݢˮ πƢ. 鰴 Ʒ ʮ Ƣ ߓϒݒ ˮݷ ƒƷ ݢƨ ߢ. Ɓ΢݀ ߂ςƀ Ԃ ߂ ݨ݂ʀ: , ݁ ݀ , ݁ ݁ ش݂ ˀ Ȁ.

ƣ ߴ ˮ ϒݨ ƣ ݒϷ ߂ςΨ, ƣ ϒ ߴ ݶ݀ ݶ ߧƂƩ ݷ. ි Ƨ Ʒ. ਀ ̒ ݶƢ ƴρ ̔Ʃ ư ߂݂ ݢ΁Ƣ, ݧƷΨ ݰ΢݀Ψ ưΒ ˀ ߂.

[1. ƧƒƢ ƀߧ][2. ݒ ư ݨ݂ƣ ߂]
[3. ݁ ߢ ݁ ƴ ƒ ݶƢ ݨ݂Ʃ ][4. Ԯ ƨ, ]


[Return to CCI Home Page]