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Last Updated: Monday, November 13, 2000 11:46

5: θە̚ •Ԛ ˔˝

5: θە̚ •Ԛ ˔˝

: θ ڸ θە̚ •Ӓ ˔ Ғ ԕ˕Ӕ θ̚. •̚ ӯ˷ӗ̚. ԕ”Ν ӷ ˯ , Ϛ ԕ˒ ڒ, ˗̚ θە. ӓ Ϛ ۓۜ θە, •Ԛ ˔˝ ˗̚ ˞, Ϛ ۜ ےڒ · Ғ . θە ۗ ӔӒڸҝ ԕ·˜ ˖, ڸ ’ ӷ˔ڸ ̚ . Ν ӓ, ӷ ڸ ԕ” ӷ • θە , ˗ҝ .

˓ ӷӷ˝ Νҝ θ ԕӷ˗̚, θە̚ ӕ. ˗, ʔӓ ԕ ڸ Μ˝. Ú Ҕ Ԛ ڸ ӷ ԕ” θە̚ ӕ ˝, ӕ ۔ ӷڸҝ - • ԕ ҕ”“ .

” ڸ ӕ Ӓ”˝ • ӷڒ

” •̖’ Ӓ• ԕ̝ ڸ ӓ -˷ Ӓӕ. ”̽̚ ԕ˒ җҝ ӕθ θ Ν “, Ν “ ۯ. ڸ ԕ ڸ, ʔҸ ̖ ˝.

•̖ ӓ Κҝ. ׋ž ԕ˗̚ ԕ ە̚, Ӓ˖. Ӓӕڸ ԕۘڒ ” ԕ˒ Κڸҝ Ҹ, ۓ, ԕ ԕ. •̖ Ӕθ , Ӓ, ӕ Κҝ ԕӝΝ ӕ, ̕ҝ , ԕҞӔ. • Κ ͕ ӓ •.

•̖ ԕ˒̚ ̚ Ӓ”’ . җ ӕ, ˞ ˞ ԕҝ ӷڒ ڕӕ .. ۗ Ҹ ˷۔, Ҹ.

•̖ ڕ ۓ ۓ, . •̖’ ڒ ԕۗ, Ӓ , ۔ ڕڸ ԕ ԕ ӷ. • ϝ ԕ ”’ ӷ ۓ Μ, ӕ ӷҸ.

•̖ ۓ ۓ Ӕ. ϝ, Ӕ җҝ ҕ”ڒ ˝ ӷ ےڒ ϒ ӕӯ˞ ӯ, • Ӕ ӷ ԕ ʔ. •̖, ¯ڒۜ , Ғ”̚ ӷ ڕ˖, ӛ ҝ ԕ˒ Ӕ, , ԕ̝ . •̖, ӕ ӓ , Ϛ ڕ˖. , җ · ӕν̚, ˗“ Ӕ. ԕ ڕ˖.

˝ •̖ ӔӔ ԕ ښ ҞӔӒ . ԕ”Ν ڕ . ӓ ӓ ԕ˓ڸ ӕ. ԕ˓, ڝ ۓӘ. , ” ˒ڸ ӷ” ۓ ҞӔ. ӓ ˔ ۔ ˷ •̖, ” “ ԕ”ڸ ڸ Ғ , , ̗ .. ˔ҝ, ʔ ۔ Ӓ . ̔˝ ҝ θ ͕˝ ˞ ”’̚ ҞӔӒ ”. • ̔ ˔, ۔ ˒ڸ Ғ ”’̚ ҞӔ. ̸ , , ۔ ˞ ҞӔӒ, ۓ ڕ θ ӗ ӕϚ.

ӯ˝ ʔ

ӯ •̖

Ҹ ̘, ӕ ӒӔ ښ ? Ҹ , ۔ ٕ-•–? ӗےڒӒ, Ӕ ڕ۔Ӓ ˕Ϛ ? Ú ԕ, ӷ Ғӽ . , Ϛ җ ӷӔϚ ڸ ڸ, , θڒ Μ, ӕ ڕҸ • •ԝ , , ے˝ ̘, ͕ ӯ˜ ˖ θ̚ ڝ.

, ڕ •ӓ˝. ӕ Ӓ, ӕ җ ӕθ̚, ӓ ӷ˔ڸ ۓ˞.

̘̚

” ҝ ̘̚ ̝ Ғ ҕ” ӒӔڒ . ӓ˞ ˞ ʽӒ ۔˒Ν ̘-”•Ӓ . ˗ Ӓ, θە җҸ, ̘ ˔ڸ ښڸ . 1950 Ӕ θ ·θ ԕӖ ̘ ۗ ү ӷӒ, θڒ ˞ ԕӔΝ, ”ڕ ˷. , 1960 Ӕ ̘̚ ˒ڸ Ғ ԕ ۗڸ ӷӒ •, ӕ ̸ җҸ Μθ . ӓ ˞ Ғ“ ӒӔ ښ •˞ ӕӕ˝.

̘̚ Ϛ ӝθ̚. ӓ ԕ”ӗ ڸ Ӕӗ ӷ—˒ڸ · Ғ˞ . ̘̚ ӷҝ ʗ ̚.

•ӓ˝: 18 ԕ̝ Ӓӕڸ woman (̘), girl (’ۯ). ן’ۯ ۗڸ ӕθ. ̘̚ •ԝ Ϛ ͕Ӓθڒӓ ӯ˝.

˗̚

Ӓ ӯ˝ ԕ• ˗ ˝ ” 30 . ԕ ͕ ӯ˜ ۓ , Μ ͔ښ Ӓ Ϛ, Ҹ ԕڕ̚ ԕӯ. “Ӕ̝ Μ ԕϚ. Ӓ” җҝ θ ˗ ԕθ̚ ҕ” θ ӷڒ, ԕ˒— ۔ ӕ Ӓ—ӓ ڒ Ӓۜ ͕˜. ˕Ϛ ̚ ԕڸ ӓӒ̚ ˝, ӷ ԕ”Νڸ ڸ Μ ˗̚ ڸ ԕ̗ ۓ .

ڸҝ Ӓ ̚ , - Ӕ– , θ ڔ ˕ - ӓӒӕ, .. Μ ۗ, Μ ۔ ԕθ ӔӒ̚ ӷ̚ ԕ”ڸ ԕ’ҞӔ ӷۗ ˜. ˔, ۔ ӷڸҝ ̚.

•ӓ˝: “Ӕ̝ •̖’ ·Κ People of Color (Μ ̚ ). ۗ, ethnic minorities (˗ ̸ڒ), θ ӕ Ϛ ̸ڒ Ν θڒ ˝, ڝ ۓ ԕڕ. colored people (얒̚), ڝ ҝ Ӟ Μ ̚ , ڕ·ΝҸ Ӓ˝. “Ӕ̝ ˕ Κ ̚. — ̚ θ̚ ښ, ڕ·ΝϚ ӯ ˞-˷ ˗˞ , Ӓ• ԕϚ. ”ۜ ˝ ԕ̝ښ Ν ͕̚ ˗˞ :

”۔ ӯ˜ ’, ۓ ˗ ˓̚ Ӓ• ԕϚ ӷڒ. ˝ ˕ۜ ӕΝ Μӓ, ԕ ’ θ. •̖, ӷ ۘڒӒ , ԕӷ •, ӓ ڸ ԕҚ ’’ . ےڒ Ӓڸ ԕ ӷʔ ӓ ԕ, ӷ ԕ.

˖ θ̚ ڝ

” ҝڸ • ӷڒ, ӷ ӕӔ, ҽ θ θ ԕڸ ˖ θ̚ ڝ ̚ Ӓ ӷڒ. ̸ ӷԕ̝ ӕ җҸ •θڸ ˖ ˝ ӕϚ җҸ ۔ ڒ•̚. ՚ ӝҸ θ ӷڒ , ԕ ԕ ӓ ˝. - ԕ” ʔ ͕ Ӓӕڸ , ڸ Ғӽ • ӷڒ. ӓ˞ ӕӔ ԕ̝ښ ̚, ԕ˜ ͕˜ ӯ˜ ˖ θ̚ ڝ . ԕθ̚ ˝ ˞ •ԝ Ӕ ˕, ӕ ۔ ԕӞӔڸ ˕Ӓ.

•ӓ˝: Ӓ homosexual () ӓ җڸҝ ӕθ̚ Ν ˖ θ̚ ڝ . ڕ·ΝҸ 50- 60- Ӕ ڕ˖θ̚ . ۘڒθ homosexuality (θڸ) ҽ ˜ Ӕҝ ˕ ڕ·. ԕ̝ Ӓӕڸ gay (Κ).

ӯ ϸ

• Ӕ җښ ۞Ӕ ˜. • ” ڕڸ, ӷ Κ Ғ ӔΝ, Ӕ-• Ғ ڸ. Ӕ ӷ Ӕ•˒ Ғ˞ ž ӕ, ̗ ” ҕ”̜ . 18-22 , ԕ, ڕ˒ҝ , ͒˕, ” ӝθ ӷ—˒ · . 18-21 Ӕ Ӓ•ҝ ̚ •žӔ ڕӗ .

ӓ ԕۗ ےڒ ڒڒ . ̕ҝ ԕڸ ¯˝ ӝθ. 16 ۗ ԕ Ӕڸ ڸ. ӓ ӯ ’ۯ ڕ˒ҝ ۜ , ӷ ڸ ̸ —˝, Ӕʔ ڸ ̸ Ӕ•̚ ӷθ. Ӕ ӓ ڕϝҝ Ӟڸ ڸ ڝ ڸҝ · • . ˗ ˝, ̚ ϸ ̝ ۓ ۓ Κ ”Μ ” ˜ ۓ ۓ. ̚ ϸ ̝ ۓ ۓ ԕʔ ԕžڸ .

ӯ ʷ

•̖’ ڸ ڒ Ϛ ӗ̸ , ڸ ӷ, ϝ ˝ ̸ Ϛ, θ ˞ . ˝ ˕ ӯ •̖’ ʷ. ӓ ˯ ˗ ԕ. •̖ ӓ ڸ הۓ •ӓ ڕ—ӓ, ӓ Γ “/ . •– ’ ڸ: ̜ ”! ڝ ϸ ˝ ۔ ʔڸ , ӕӓ ”. •– Ӓ ˔, ӷθ . ԕ ӷ •, ӕ ڸ Ӕ ۓ ӷڝ. ڸ ے•̚, • •, ӓӒӕҸ . ӓ ڕ— ˕Ӓ, ڸ ے•̚, •.

•̖’ ڸ , ʷ ˔ ҕ ̚ Ғ, ӕ ۘڒۜ ʔ . • Μ • ڝ, ӕ ڕҸ θ . θ •̖ ” Ӕ̚ ӷ , ˝ ̝ , , ӕӔ, ˒ ӯ˝ θ •, ˝.

•̖, Ӓ, ԕ”ӗ ڕ—ڸҝ Ӕ-ϝ , θ . ˞ ӷ ”’̚ ̚ Ӕ̚. ̚ ϸ, , ԕ, ˒ ڔθ: “ ۓ ۓ, •˒ҝ ”’ , ʔӓ ˞ ڸ Ғӝ ˗ ̸.

ڔ

ӯ

ӗ̸ Ν •̖’. ԕ ڕ— ԕ˒ ۓ ۓ: ׈ ? ڝ ӕ •̖ ڕ ӷӔڸ, ӗ̸ ӓ ڕ˒ ӕ ڸ •, ӗ Ғ θۜ ڸ Ғ Ӓ•ڒӒ˜. • Ӓ ԕ” •ۜ ڒ•ʔ • ž.

θ Ҹ Ӓ, ӷ •ڸ ԕ ӓӒӕ. ӗ˞ θ ےڒ ڒڒ ڕϝҝ ڸ ҕ. Ԛ ښ ۘڒ, ԕ , җҝ ӕӒڒ ڸ Ӕ ۔ () •ڸ . θ , •ڸ ے “. θڒ •̖’ “ θ, ӕ ڸ Ӕ ˞ ԕθۜ ˜.

•̖ җ, Ӕ ڸ Ӓ•ڒӒڸҝ Ғ ӷ, ӷڸҝ . ڕ̚ ” ڒ—̚ Ϛ ԕ̝ښ , . ڕ۔ ӕ ••, ӷ ڸ , Ӓ Ӓӕ .

“ ̕ڸҝ ڸ , Ӓ ӷθ Ӓҝ . “ ԕ̝ ڸҝ ̚ Ӕӷڝ ˗ . ˜ θ ӕӯ Ғ” ˗ Ғ˞ Ӕ̽̚. •̖ ӷ ڒۜ , Ӕ ̔; ϝ ˘ җښ , Ӕ “ Ȕ ۗ˞ . ʷ , ԕҞӔ ԕ” ښ.

•̖ ӷ Ғ˞ ӔڒӒ. ӓ ̚ ϸ Ӕ , ˞ • Ӓ ˞ , ڒ Ӕڒ̚ Ғ. ӓ • ”• Ӓӓ ڕ۔, () ӷ ˕ ҕ” Ӓ Ғ ϸ; ڸ ԕ̝ ڒ ԕ ’ ˝ . ҝ, “ ԕΝڸ ڕ۔, Ӕҝ Ӕڒ̚ ӯ˝, җښ ӷ Μ˝ ԕ. —, ڕڸ ̚ , ӷ ·θ˞ ӕӔ, ҽ ˜ ӓ θ . ˞ ӓ θ˞ ӕӔ.

Ϛ ӔӒ ٕ •: Ӓ . Ӟ, • θە · Ӓۯ — . ҝ, ӓ ӗ Ν ښ, —˝, ϸ . ϝ · ӕӓ ҝ •̖ ’˒ Ӟ̝ “. ڕ— •̖, Ҕ ҽ , ӷ ڸ. ʔ̚ ڸ ڕ—, ԕ”ԕ”.

ӯ ۓ

•̖ ԕӒӔ ӓ , ˕۝ Ғ Ӕ̚, ړΚ, ԕ. Ӓ θ - ۗڸ ۔Ӓθڒ ڔӞڸ ԕʽ ӗ ”. •̖ ԕ˔ Ν · ӓ ˗ڒ ˔Ӓ ӕ ӷ Ν ˝ ۓ. ӝ ϝ ҽ ̖̔˝ ۗ˜, ԕ Μ˜ ˓.

•̖ Μ Ӕڸ ӞӔ, “ڸ, ڸҝ ̔ҽ̓ ̚ ӕ, ڸ, ˓ڸ ȷ, ڷ .. ӓ θ ےҝ, ҝ, ۔ ڔ, ˞ ӝ ! ڔ ˒̚ ˔Ӓ ӕ , θ ӓ ˔Ӓ Ғ ˔ Ը•. ˒̚ ڔ Ӓҝ ̚ ʔ!

̸

ӯ ̸

•̖ ڕ˖ ҝҝ ̸ •, . ڸ, ˞. •ӝ, θ ˗˝ ˞ ˗˞ . •̖ “ ̚ ڸҝ , ӷ ڸ ”˖ ӷ˒ Ғ ϸ, ү ӷӒ Ғ˞ , ӷ—ڸ · ˜ ڸ ڒ ۓ˞ ҞӔӒ, ӕ Ӓ Ӝ ۷˔˕ӒҸ Ӓ ԕθڒ. ӓ ڒ •̖’ ۗ ӕڸҝ •˒ ӯ ̸, ڸ •— ʔ . ӓ җ, ڕ •̖’ גڸ “ ҽ • ԕ 1929 Ӕ, ӓ Ӕ ԕӔ • ҽ, Ҹ ˒˝. •” ”ۜ ˜ ԕ˒ •˒, ӷ ڸ Ӓ ח ̜.

̸ • Κڸ ٕ: “, θڒ ۗ’ ۘ ԕ. ӓ •̖ ˒ ۗ ۗ. ” •– Ӓ Ӓ ͕” ” ˗̚ ̸ θڒ ԕ”Ӓ, ˞ ڕ ۞ ӷӕ۔Ӓ Ν , ·θ, ӷθ . ҝ̚ ڗ˝ ˜ ӓ ڸҝ ӓ Ӕ (5 ӷθ, 30 ). ښ ž ˞ җӒ, ԕ˞Ӕ˞ ʔ ҝ, ӓ˞ •̖’ ҝ ӓ “ ”’̚ ڕښ.

ӓ •̖ ڸ Ғ˞ Ӓ ۔ۘۜ ˜. , ӷ ӓ, ڗ˝ җ ̔ Ӗθӓ ӷ—˝ .. θ ˞ ҝ җ ۔ۘ . ۗڸ ̸ ӓ җ ˝ ӓ ˯ • θۜ ڸ Ϛ. • ԕθڒ ˒ • ·θ , ӕ ̝ ˞ ӷڒ̚ ҷ•˝ ̚ ԕӓϚ ˞ ˕. Ν ӓ, ӷ ڸ , •̖ ̚ Ӕڸ , 30, ¯ڸ θ “ ӷҝ, ӓ Ȕ ˜.

•̖ ” Ӕ˒ ̸ ۓ ۓ. Ϛ ʔ ӓ ۯڸ ʷ. θڒ ԕ˔ Ӓ ԕڸ ̸ ۓ ۓ. ӓ ̸ Ғ ϸ, ڝ ҽ- җҝ ԕ”ӗθ̚ ڸ ̸ , ԕӖښ Ӓ˝ ڕ“˕Ӓ̚ ە̖ ەӒ̝, Ӓӓ ”•θ̚ •̚ .

• ̚

”̽̚ ڸ ښ ڒ 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 100 Ӓ. ڸ ښ θ“ ڒ, ” ڕ—ҝ. ښ ӔӒӓ • ӔӒӓ νӓ . ښ ڒ 1 - (penny) 5 Ӓ - (nickel) 10 Ӓ - (dime) 25 Ӓ - (quarter) 50 Ӓ - 1 100 Ӓ (. . ).

Ν˝ θ ’. ̚ ,ڒθ, ӓ Κڸ ӷ , θ ̚ ӓ . Ӓ, Ӕ, ̚ ҝ ӝ̚ ښ • Ғ“ ڒ.

ڸ Ӓ ҞӔӒ

(̚ Ӓ ۓ Ӓθ ӝ̚ •) 

	  ϝ
	
	ӕӔ, , ӗӒ ̔
	ڕ	

					 ϝ ۗΝ
					
					ӕӔ, , ӗӒ ̔
					ڕ

•̖ ӓ ڸҝ ӝθ̚, ˞ •θ ӓۗ ڸ ӷ̗˒. ڸҝ ڕ̚, •̖ θ •˒ ”̚ ԕ , ˞ “ ӓ. Ӓ̸ ̸ Ӓ , ڸ . ” ڸ, ҽ θ ˒ҝ •̚ ̚ ԕӷ θڒ ښҝ Ӓ ʔ ҝ ڕӒ, ”˖ ӷ˒, ڕӕ, ̔, Ӓӕ Ӓ ӷӒ, ԕ ӷ Ӓ .

Ν “ ҝ ̔˝

— Ӟ Ӟڸ ̔˜. Ԛ қڸ ӓ, ӷ ڕڸ ̔˜ ˜ ӷӔϚ ϝ ˕Ӓ, •̚ ԕӷϚ ӕ ԕ”ۘ˞ ʽӒ. ̔˝ ҝ θ Ҕڸ Ӓ Ϛ ’ . ’˔, ’, ӗ Ν ”’̚ ̗, , ԕ”Ӓ ˗ӓ ۞Ӕ, ̚ ӒӕӒ ӓ ڕӕ.

۔ ےڒӒڸ · ӕ ۔ӷ,  ӗۜ . •̖ ڝ ۓ ۓ ϝ ̗, , ԕ ڕӕ. , Ν ӓ ̔˝. ۔ ˒ڸ Ғ ҞӔ, • ’ ۔ ԕ˝ ۔˒̚ ڸ. Ӓ:

Μ

˝, ϝ ˕Ӓ ̽Ҹ ڒ , ӕ . - ے˔ӓ ۔ ڸҝ ˞ ԕ”ڒ. - ӓ, ے˔, Ҹ ˯ ” ҝ˝. Ӕҝ ӕ̚ ԕӷӒ. Μҝ ̖̔˝ ү˕˜ ԕ˝, ԕ̝˜ ӒӔ θەӓ ӷ˝; ̖̔˝ , ԕ˒ ԕ ԕ̝˝ ¯.

ӕ̚ , ӕ ˓ , ԕ˒ ۯ˜ ۘڒӒ˞ •Ӓ. “ҝ ӕ ž ەӒ̝ θ ̸Ҹ ڕ·ڸ ҕ” ԕ̗ . θ ˝ ̸ •̖’: , Ϛ ۓ˞, Ϛ ڒ ˕ ۔ۘ.

ӓ ˗˝ ʔ ϝ θە ӓ ڸҝ θ̚, ӓ ۷ θە̚ ˗ ӕ ҝ ԕڸ. Ӕҝ •”. ˔ ˕Ӓ ۔ θ ˒ ӗ ˝ ԕӷ˝ Ӓ, ̚ Ϛ ӷ .

[1. ӔӒ ][2. ӷӕ •ӓ ]
[3. — θ ˕Ӓ • ˕][4. , ۔ ڸ]


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