Copyright 2000 by Center for Citizen Initiatives.
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ݣ݀ ˀ ݂ Ɓݧ, ߢƴȮ ݒ ƷƢ ƂԒ Ƣƨ Ȯƨ ߀ A Β ݨ݂ ҂,ݰƒȮ· ư ݂ ƁȀ , Ƣ ߨ Ϸƣ ԩ
ħؒƀ ߀ ݷ Ԁ ݁ ʀ, Ʒ ƨƂƢ: ́Ƃƨ ʀư߂Ʒ, ݂ ƁȀ ʮݴς Ʒ. Ӱƨ ݀ ƴ ƣ Ƨ ԢԀ ݷȂƩ ưƧƷ ݶ ݂ ƨ Ƃƴ ݧ ƧΨ ݨ. ݁ ưƨ Ƣˀ ƧƷ Ԓ ԢԀ ݮƴ ςƩ ƒʮ ݨ ߨ Ԁ ƴƣ. 駂݁ Ȁ, ݂ƷΩ ƁȀ ݁Ȯ Ʒưݨ ԩ, ƴˮ ݀ ݀ ʀ ƨ ݶ. .., ̒ƒ Ȁ ƣ ƒݶ݀ ݂Ƣ ƒ Ƣ ̒ƨ Ƣ ƢˀƢݒ Ԁ ƴƣ, ƷƢԷ ́Ƃƨ ݁, ݀ . ƒ ƢˀƢ݂ ƴƣ, Ȁ ́ƴƣ ݴƷ, ƧƢ ƁӒ ƮߢƧ ݒݒ. Ʒƴρ ς Ƣˀ ƧƢ, ݁Ʃ ʀ ԢԀ ݮƴ ݒςΨ. 駂݁, ́ƴƣ ݧȮ ƴƣ ݷ ƒƷԒ ́Ƃƨ ΣƧΨ ݢ ݁Ψ ݷȀ . 瀷ƴρ Ƣ ́Ƃƨ ́ƴƣ Ʒ Ƣ ƴƣ, ƴߓ ݷȀ ݷݒӒ ݣ݀ƨ Ɓݧ, ݁ ݁ ƴρ ߨƶ ؓ Ƣ ݷƒ ߨƶ Ʒ ԒςƷ.
δ ƶ Β ƷΨ ؓ:
= -
Ȯ Ƨ ư ݢԀ Ƣ, ƴ ƒ Ƨݶ ƀ Ƨʮ. 駂݁, ƣ Ƨ, ݶΩ , ݁ ˀ ƷԂ Ƣˀ Ƣ ߂. ݁ ưȮ ݒݒ ư Ӓ ݁ ݒݒ ƮߢƧ Ƨ݂Ʃ Ƨʮ, .. ƮƷ Ԃ, ݒݒ, ƮƷ ư .. ƷԂ Ƣ݂ ݒݒ, .. ߀, ݴƣ, Ƣ݂, ݨʮ .. Ʒ Ԓ ƴˮ ݒ ݒݒ, ƒ ƣ Β ݶ , δ : ߮, ݣ߂ Ƣ Ƨ Ƣ ߂ Ϸƣ ưȀ. ݨ ưƧ ݷˮ ƀ Ƃ݂ δςƷ Ԓ, ݀ ݒݒ ݒ ݨ ƷݒϷ ݁ ƶ ƴˀ ̒ ݒ .
˒ݒ ĩƢ ƴ ƷԨ ƴƣ ƣ Ϸԩƣ ƮߢƧ. ߁ ʀ, ηƁ ݢ, ߮ ݣ߂ Ƨ ˮƁ ݷ˒ݰ - ̒ Ʒ ƧƢ 80- ƧƢ. ݷݢ Ƣ ݒ ݴϒݒ ؓ. ưݰƒ ߀ ݴ ƧƩ Ƣ ƴƣ. ƴƣ ƴݣ݀ Ʒݧ ƴ ϒ, Ʈ, ݂ƨ ݀, , ߧ݂ ƨ ʮݴςƣ ưƢ݂. Ʒƴρ ߧӒ ݣԒ ݒ ݶƷ Ƣ, ̒ ƴƣ ߢƴԀ ƮߢƧ Ʒݧ ݂ˀ ư ƁƢ. 箁݁Ʃ ưݰƒ Ƨ ƷݧƩ Ʃ ƶ ƢƧ, ݷς Ʒݒ ƢƷ ݂Ӓ ƒ ߮. ŴݣƧ ݂Ʃ ưݰƒ Ƃƴ ԁݨ, ʮƢ Ɓ݀ 60%, ƣ ưȀ ƒݴ ƒ ʮƢ. Ѯ ƨطƂ, ĩƢ Ƨ Ƣ Ʃ ưݰƒ, Ƣ ƣ ́Ƣ ƀ . , ƶݩ ƴ, ƒƨ δ ̒ ƴƣ, ƶݩ ƴ, ưݰƒ݂ƣ ưΨ Ʒưƨ, ݁ ƒӒ Ƨ ƒ ƣ. ݒݒ ݂߮Ƣ݂ ݷ ƮߢƧ, ݒݒ ݁ ߴݴ ưƮ . ݒݒ ݣ®ݒ δ ƁȀ Ϩ ߂ς: 92 ƴƢ ݁ - ƴƢ ݁, Ʒƴρ Ƣ ݧ δ ưݒ ʮ. ݁ ưƨ, ưȮ ݒݒ Ɓݒ 316 ƴƢ ݁ --% ƴƢ ݁. Ȯ Ƨ ưƮ ݢԴ 375 ƴݨ ݁. .. δ ƴ, ưݰƒ݂ƣ Ψ Ʒưƨ, δ 96 ƴƢ ݁ ˀ. , ߮ ƴ Ԁ ݣ®ݒƢ Ɓݒ, ƷԂ ˮƷ, ߢƴ ݴ Ȁ Ƃ ߮ ݒݒ, Ʒƴρ ݰƒݒ ̒Ʃ ݴ ߂ς . Ʒ ƣ, ݁ ưݰƒ ݴ ԒϷ η Ƨ, Ʒ߂ݴ Ȁ ̒Ʃ ƢƩ ƴƣ.
ݩƂ ߢΨ شƧƢΨ ƮߢƧƨ ƴ Դ ʮ. ư ̒ ʮݨ ƣ Β ƴ Ƃƴ. ̒ Ʈ˴ ˀ ش݂ʮ Ƃʀ 80- ƧƢ ƴ ݂ݣ݂ ˒ݒ ݂ ƴ. 鷂ƢƩ ƣ Β ƶ ʮƨ - ƴ ݷ ƶ ƢΩ . Ƃϒ݂, ʮݴ ƨشƩ Ȯ ݷ, Ƣ ƴƀ Ƣ݂ ʀ , ݁Ʃ ƴƣ ƧƢ ϒ ̒ ƶ Β . ƴρ δ ݰƒ݂ Ʒư ݂ ؓʮ ݷƨ, ݣƢ ̒ƣ . 蓒 ݒςƣ Ƨ ʮ ƣ ƶ ݷƴρ ؓʮ ƴ߂ ݷƨ, ƴ˓ ݷ ݰƒ ϰ Ԩ Ƃ Ϩ . ƒ Ʒư ߢƴ Ɓݒ ưݰƒƁ 14 6 Ƃ. ݁ ưƨ ݒݒ ʮ Ɓݒ 350 ƴƢ 150 ƴƢ . ƢηƷ شƧƢ δ Ƣ ƷԂ ƢӒ. ̒ƨ ݀ ƴƣ ݁, Ƣˀ , ݷݢ Ƣ ݒ ݴϒݒ ؓ , ݷ, δ ݩ Ƨ, Ȯ ݁ ́ƴƣƀ, ݁ ́Ƃƨƀ Ȁ ݧʮƂΨ.
"뮷 ƧƧ" ݧؒƨ ߀ ƶ ݢ ƴƣ ݮƒˀԨ, ƣ ʀƀ ƴ݀ ƷΨ ƶ ݷ. ȀΩ ƧƧ ƶ ݧݒ ƒ߮Ϸ ́Ƃƨ ƒ, Ʒƴρ ݴς Ȁ ƣ Β ؓȀ ˁƨ ߁ ݢ Ƣ݂. ݴςƩ ƴ ˒ݒ ݴ ˴ ݁ƨ ݁ ߓϒݒ ƣƴ Ƣ݂ ƒ ư Ƣ ش݂ʮ. ݣ߂ Ƣ Ƨ ݒݨ ݴ ưΨ Ԣ ݴ ߨƶƷ ˀ ̒Ʃ ư. % Ƃ ݢݴ ƴρ Ƣ ƒ ư, Ʒ Ƣ ش݂ʮ, ư, ƴ ƶ Β ƁȀ 250 / 100 / Ȁ ƶ. .., ̒ Ʒƀ ߨ ݁ ́ƴƣ, ݁ ́Ƃƨ ̔. Ʒݢ ƢݒϷƩ δ ̂ƨƴƣ, , ݂Ȯ ݒƴƣ ݷ. Ƃ ư, ߨƀ ƒ ư ݀ ؓʮ ƷƢƣ Ƣƣ . ƨ ƣ, δ ݁ ς ˀ ݮ Ƣƣ ݰƴ݂, ƒƀ δ ƷƢƩ Ʃ ƒ ƧƢ. ݁ ưƨ ߨ ƴρ ƧƩ ݁ ưȀ ƴƣ, ݁, ݂Ʃ ƒ ư, ƴƶς ƢԴ ݁ Ƃʀ ƂƢ Ƣˀ δ ˀ ́ƴƣƣ ƷԂ ƁȀ .
ˀ ӷӒ ʮ, ƣ ́ƴƣ ݧȮ ƴƣ ƧƢ ԢӒ ́Ƃƨ ƴ ΣƧΨ. Ѵ ƴˮ ϒ ư ƶ Β ˀ ƷΨ ߨ ƴ Ʒƣ ƒƣ ư. Ƣ ƴˮ ϒ ƒ خƩ Ʃ ƒƣ ư: ߂ςƀ Ƣˀ ƶݩƷ ƒƣ ư ݷ ݔ, .. ߁ ƶ, Ϩ ƴƀ Ƣˀ ƶݩƷ ƣ ƴ ƒƣ ư ݷ ݔ, ηƁ Ɓݒ ƶ. .., ݁Ʃ ϒ ݁ ˀ 1 ƒ ƶݩƷ 30 ηƁƨ Ƣ Ƨ݂ ƒ . ηƁ, ݁ݴς, Ɓݒ ƶݩƷ ƒ 5 ƒ ƮߢƧ ƴς 30 ˀ. Ʒ ʮ ߂݀ ߧ ƴˀ ƴ ƒ, ̒ ς ϒ. .., ̔Ʒ ƒ ݀, ƣ Ƨ ݷ ݔ, ƴƢ݂Ω ƒ Ʒ݀ ߂݀ ݷƷ Ψ݂ Ƣ Ƨ. 駂݁ - ߁Ʃ ʀ ƒ ư Ƣ Ȁ ΣƧ Ʒ ƴˮ ƴ ʀ ƴ ݁ݴς ηƁ ƶ݀. ̒ƨ ݀ ߨƶƷ ƴ ηƁ ƧƢ ݀ ƒ ưƧƷ ƒȀ ݣ߂ Ƣ Ƨ.
Ʒ Ԓ ƶ ݒ δςΨ ƴρ ƒƨ, ݷȮ ݒݒ - ߨƶƷ ߮ δ ݂Ƣ ƒ. ݁ ݒݒ Ӓ "˂" ̒Ʃ - Ƃ ƧԒ ݨ ˮ ư Ƣ. ƶ ƶ ƴρ ߨƶ ݂Ƣ ̒ ݒݒ ߨ ƶˀ ʮ. 駮 ݂Ƣ, , ݀ ƒ ư, ưƶ ƴςΨ ݴƣݨ. ƴςΩ ݴƣ, Ʒư, Ƃ ˀ ƣ Ƣ, ߢƴ ƨƢݒ ݒݒ ߨȀ ́ƴƣƣ Ȁ, ݂ƣ ߰ΒΨ ƒ ư. ˒ݒ ĩƢ ݁Ʃ ݴƣ δ ϣ ӧ δ ݢ ݂Ƣ݂ Ƣ݂ Ʈ ݴϒݒ Ϸԩ ƴƣ. ǒΨ ݂ƨ ԢԀ Ƣˀ Ƣ ưƢ݂ ừƢ ƢݒϷ ݰƒ. Ʒ ƴƣ ݧؒƣ ߀ δ ݰƒ݂ Β݂ ˮƁ ݷ˒ݰ ݣƧ ߂ςƨ Ƣˀ ừƢ ݂Ƣ݂ ̒Ʃ ưݷ.
Ϯ ݂ƨ ԢԀ Ԓ ݢϷ ݁ƂƢ. Ȁ , Ʒư ݷ ʮƢ, ݢϷ ݷݢԀ Ƣ ݒ Ƣ ߨƶƷ ˀ ư. Ψ ݂ƨ ԢԀ Ƣ݂. ɀ݂ ƴӒ ʮݴς , ư Ƃ ƒݧ ƒ ݣ®ݒƢ, ݣ߂Ȯ Ƣ Ƨ. ƧߓӒ ߨȀ ݢϷƨ ߨƶ ΒƢ - ƶ݀ ߮ ƒƨ ƒ ® ݒƢ. ݁ Ȯ ƣݨ ݰƒ݂ ݨ ʀƩ ƣݨ Ƃʮ ߀.
Ȁ Ƨ Ʒưƨ ߨȀ ́ƴƣ ݒݒ ԢԀ ƶ ̒ ݒݒ ƒ. ưΩ Ƨʮ, , ݂ Ƨʮ, Ƨ݀ ƢˀΨ ʀݨ, ߢƴԀ ݨ ݂ Ƣ ƧƷ ƀ Ԓ. Ʒ ݂ƨ, ƒΩ δ ƶ ʮݴƨ Ƃʮ Ĵ ƴ, ԢԀ Ƣˀ ̒ ƴƢ݂ ߀, Ʒư ݶ ƧݷȀ Ɓƴ. ݒ Ƨߓ݀ ́ƴƣƀ Ʒخ݂ ݁ ݷ ưƣ ˴ ưƣ Ƣ ݁ ݷ ݒ Ԓ ˀ ƢΨ ӧϨ.
Ɓݧ δ ݢ Ƃʮ ưݨ ́ƴƣ ƴƣ
ƮߢƧ, ݰƒ ݂ ϷԩƩ Ƨʮ
Ʒݧ 28 1995 Ƨ.
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