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Last Updated: Wednesday, May 3, 2000 15:29

ʮƂ - ƂϒʮƂ ݨݷƣ Ϸԩƣ ƴ

Ӵ 뀂԰ '98 9

̒ƨ ƨ:
  1. ưƷ Ɣ ݁ ừ ݂.
  2. 췴Ƣ ݂ Ɣ
  3. ‚ƴƣ ̒ ݂ Ɣ.

ƣƨ ݷ˒ݰ ݂ Ɣ ݶƀ ߂ Ӓ ݰƒ ƣƩ ‚ƴƣ ݂, ư؀Ȁ ݴς΀ ƒ, ݂ ηƁƣ ߨƶƷ ݴʮ ̒ƣ ʀƣ Ƨ خ݂ ƒԶ Ƨ.

ưƷ Ɣ ݁ ừ ݂.

ƷƢ Ʒ ƴƣƀ Ʃ ƧϷ Ʒ ƷԂ Ɓƣ ߮ƣ Ɓ. ƧƴςƷ ؀Ƨ Ɓ ݢ ƒ , Ƣ Ȯ݂ ݂.

鰨 Ȁ ƁȮ· ݀ . Χ ƣ ؀ݒ +4 ݧ. ƷݢԀ 3-6 / Ƨ ݷ ( ݢƷ ƒ ). ƁƂ݂ Ɓ ݴ ݷ݂ Ʒ ݂ ݷ݀ 3-5 ƴ.

ݶ ƴƣ ƷưƷ - ƷưƷ ưƢԒ ƁƢ ݂ ݂ Ƣ. ˀ Ƨ ʀ݂ Ƣ ݷȮ ݂ . ƷưƷ ݂Ԁ ؀Ω ؀Ƨ ݂, ݴƨ ưƢ݂ ƷƢ Ԁ.

ݢςƨ ΰ ƁƢ , Ƨ݂ ؀΀ ݂ ؀ݒ +10... +18 ݧ., ƒƷςƩ ݶƷ ߧ 90...95% ƨ Ƣ݂ ưƢ݂ ƢƩ ƁƢƩ ݂ ƮƧ ؀˂. ƒ ؀Ƨ ݂ ΢Ӓ Ψ. ƧƴςƷ Ԁ ؀ Ƣ Ʒ.

ݶƀ ‚ƴƣƀ ߂ Ӓ ʀ ݮȀ ¨ݴ ¨ݴ. ˮ ݴς Ƣ ݂ Ƨ 15...18% ¨ݴ 0,5...1,5% Ƣ. ݧ ؀ݒ +3 Ʒ݂ ¨ݴ ƮƧ ƀ ݁ش Ƣ. 駂Ƣ Ƣ݀ ưݒƀ ưƢ݂ Ƣ ¨ݴ. 駂݁ ƂƩ ؀ݒ ̒ƒ ʀ ƒ݀ , ԢԀ Ʃ ݁ش Ƣ. ݁ش Ƣ 7...8% ݂ƢԒ ݧ . ʀ ݁ش Ƣ ςƨ ƴƧƨ ݂ ưݒ ƷȀ ƒش . ߓϒݒ ݂ƢԒ ߮ƴƣ ߧƢΨ, ݂Ƣ ݴςΨ.

݁ش Ƣ ݷݒݒ ݁ Ȯ ݁ʮ ؀´ݶ.

Ƣ݂ Ɓˀ Ƃ ƮƧ ݂ ߧ : , Ƣ, ݒ݂ ... , ƣ ݂ ݁Ʃ- Ƣ, ƴƧƨ ݂ ưߓӒ ΀ Ԓ. ƢƧ Ƣ ݒ݂ ؀ ݴʮ Ʒ ƒش ش ƨȀ.

Ɣ ƒ݀ ݢς ηƁ ش- ݣƢΧ. ̒ƨ ƒƢ݂΀ ƶ ݂Ԓ ƀ 1,6...1,8 Ʃ ʮ 5 ݁Ʃ. ƨ ߧư Ʒư ηƁ ݶƷ : 42...48% , 35...40% .

ؓ ηƒ ݧ ݴ - 20 , - 30 , ´ - 100 , - 30 .

췴Ƣ ݂.

݂ ƧƢƴϷƣ Ɣ ƧߧӒ Ȯ ؀Ƨ - ƷΩ (Ω), ƷƢƩ (΂Ω ƁƩ) (Ʒ ݴ ݷ݂).

Ω ؀Ƨ ƧƴςƷ ƒ ƴρ 3- . Ѵ ˮ ߂ςΨ ƢԨ , ƧƴςƷ ݴς. Ѵ Ɓˀ ƶƩ ߂ςΨ ݂ ƢԨ ƧƴςƷ ݁ݴς. ƣ ؀Ƨ ưƧ ߧݢݒ Ƣ ݂ Ƣ΢݂ ݂ Ƣ. ƨ Ʒư ؀ݒ +15...+20 ݧ. ƒƷς ݶƷ ߧ 85...95%. Ƃʓ ؀Ƨ ؀ݒ Ӓ +10 ݧ. ؀ƧԒ ´ݶ +2...+6 ݧ. . ưӧ ̒ Ƣ ݰӧ݀ Ƣˀƀ Χ ƣ .

鷂ƢƩ ؀Ƨ ݂ ݶƩ Ƣ ߴΩ. Ѵ Ƣ Ϸ ݂, ݴ +1...+2 ݧ. ; Ƃ, 퀨, ˮʁ +2...+3 ݧ. ; , ƴƢΩ 19 +3...+5 ݧ. .

؀Ƨ ƒ ƣ ؀Ƨ ƷƢƨ ؀ݒ Ӓ 0,5...1 ݧ. .

钂Ʒς ݶƷ ߧ ƷƢƩ ؀Ƨ ƴ Β 90...95%. ʀ ƒȀ ߢ Ɣ ؀ݒ ݂ ƶ ݒ +1 ݧ. .

ǀ ؀Ƨ. Ѵ ƒȀ ݷ݂ ؀ݒ ݂ Ӓ 1-3 ݧ. ݢ ƷƢΨ ؀Ƨƨ. ŴݣƧ ƴƩ شƀƷ ݀ ߧݒ ݷ ƴƧ ؓ Ƣˀ ؀ݒ ˒ݰ Ɣ.

݂ ƣ Ɣ ưƧ ƨ ηݧ Ƣݒ ưƢ݂ ƷƢ, ƒ΀ ưݨ΢ݴ Ʒݧ. Ѵ ̒Ʃ ʀ ưƧ Ԓ ƒش ؀ݒ +15...+18 ݧ. 2-3 . Ʒư ˀ ߢ ݷ ƴ ƴˀ ƶ.

‚ƴƣ ̒ ݂.

ƀ ߢ ‚ƴƣ ݂ Ɣ - . Ƨ- ƒ ݧ ˮݒ Ʒݨ - ߨԨ -1,5 ƶݒ ݂ݨ. Ǩ ƒƩ ƴ ݴӒ ߰ ƣ ƴ߂ (Ʒư - Ɣ), ݀ ؀ݶ , ƶ , ݀ ݢƢ݂ .

ݒς Ƣ ƴ Ƣ, ݴӒ ƴς΀ Ƣ΀ . ؀ʮݴ߮Ƣ݂ ƔƧ ԩ ƴ Β ؀ʮݴς΀ شݧ Ƨ ݢƨ, ƷȀ΀ ʮƂΨ ݂Ƣݨ ưˮ݂ ƁƩ Ƨʮ Ƣ ƣ ؀Ƨ, Ƣ݂, ݒ݂ , ƣ ݂ ƷȀ ݂߮Ƣ݂Ʃ ؀߁Ʃ ߮ ݂. 瀧ؓ ݁ݧ΢ݒ ݂ Ɣ ςƩ ؀ ƢƷ Ɣƨ, Ƨƶ΀, ˀ. ݂Ԓ Ɣ , ݂ˀ ݂. Ѵ ԩ, ƒ΀ Ɓ ݁ߓӒ ƴˮ ừƨ ƮߢƧ, ݷƒ ݂ ݂ Ɣ ݂. ݂ Ʃ ʮ ߨӒ ݁ƨ ƀ 1,8 - Ʃ 2,2 - ƧƢƴϷΩ. ݣ߁ Ɣ ݁ƨ Ԓ Ƣ , ؓ ƶ ݷخ. Ѵ ƒȀ ƒƒ݂ ݁ƨ Ʃ ʮ Ƣ‚Ʒ ݷخ ΢Ӓ ´Ψ شƮƴȮ ݒݴƨ - ƴƨƩ, ƴƨΨ ݒݨ, ƣƶ, ˁƢƩ .. ̒ƨ ݀ Ʃ ƒƒ݂ ؀݀ شƮƴԒ ݶԀ , . شƮƴԒ ؀Ƨ ݨԒ. ַ Ʃ ݣ߁ Ɣ ƴ 1,4, Ω ̔ ݀ Ʃ Ƣ‚Ʒ. Ȯ ηƒƩ 0,5 ƷưӒ ݷ݂ ش ˒ݰ Ӓ ԒƷ ƒƒ݂.

݂ ʀƣ Ʒݧƣ Ɣ ݁ݧ΢Ӓ ƴˮ Ȯ, ƒ΀ ƷݢӒ Ƨ݀΀ ˒ݰ. ݂ؓ ƨ.

݂ ݁Ψ Ƣ݂ Ɣ ߨӒ ݁ƨ ® ݨ ηƒƩ 5. ƶ ߧݒ Ω ݶƣ .

췒Ʃ ưƢ݂ ݂ ƒ Ƣ݂Ԩ ϒ ߢƴ ݂ Ɓ (شƒ Ƣƣ ƶ), ƒ , ߧݒ Ƣ ƴ ƴˀ ƶ Ȁ Ƃ, Ɓخ ݒݒ Ʃ ƒ Ɓ, ݀ ԒΨ ηƁƮߢƧςΨ.

Ģ:
ݒ . - ݂ݒ Ϸԩ ݓ
ݒ .. - Ƨݢݒ ݨݷƣ Ϸԩƣ ƴ

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ʮƂ - ƂϒʮƂ ݨݷƣ Ϸԩƣ ƴ ς ݨ
8 16 ݷ
ƢƧ Ƃϒʮ Ƣ Ȯ ݷ Ʒݨ.

ħ: .ݨݷ, . 。, .101.
ݨݷ ϷԩΩ ƴ,
ݰ ݨ. ,
Ƃ Ă Ƣ,
Ƃ ݢƁ: 4-06-24.

ݧ ݨ!

.ݨݷ
箶ƧƩ ưݷ
ƣݨ ģƮʮݒ ,
Ƨ ģ Ƨƣ ߢ

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