Copyright 2000 by Center for Citizen Initiatives.
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݂Ʒ ƢȀ Ԁ ƧƩ ƢƩ ҶƷ ƢԨ ݂. 鷂Ƣ Ƣ, ƒ Ӓ ݂, - ݒ, ݶƷ Ʒݢ ƢƩ . ݧ Ƨ ߧ݂ Ƣ, ƒ ݁ݴς ƣ݂݀ ݣ, ؓ݀ ƢȀ ƒ ƴ߂.
. Ƃ ݒ ݀ ® ʀƢ, ƣ݂݀ ߢ ƴ߂. ̒ƨ ݂, ݁ ݢ, ƴ ߧݢݒϷ Ƣ Ƨ݂ ƂƩ ݒ, Ƨ݁ ؓݒ Ƨݶ݂ ƢȂƩ Ƨʮ. ΰ ݒ ݂ ݢ ƒ ߮ƴƣƩ Ʒ, ƒƩ Ʈߢ ƢȀ. 瀧 ƢȮ ݂ ƢˀƩ ݒ ƣ, ư ݢˮ ʀ ݂. ݒ ƢȀ ƒ ƒ Ƣ ݂Ԓ ƴ ηƁƩ ݒ, ư ˴ ʀ ʮʮ.
. Ƨ݂ ҂Ʃ ݶƷ ߧ ݂ ƢȀ ԢԀ ưݒςΨ Ƣ. ݶƷ ߧ ݢ Ʒ ƒ ݣ Ƣݨ. Ʒ ߧ ߁ ݀ ݣ, Ƃ Ʃ. ַ ߧ ݶΩ, ݁ ݀ Ʒ ݣ. āƀ Ƣ݂ Ɣ, شƧƢ, ݀, ݀ ưȮ ƒ ݷ ݣƧ ݢ݂ ݒ ˒ݰ.
݂ ƢȀ ݧ Ϸ Ƨݒ ηƁ ݶƷ ߧ ƨȀ. ƒ Ƣݨ ݣ 7...9% ݰӧ݀ ƒ , Ȯ݂, ˀ Ƣ Ƣ .
. Ʒݢ ƢƩ Ԁ Ɓς-Ʒ݂Ƣς ʀ - Ʒ ݂. Ʒ ݂ ݨԀ ƢˀƩ Ƃʀʮ ƣ , ƂƩ - Ƨ, Ƃ.
| Ǯ ƢȀ | 퀨ݒ ݧ. | 钂Ʒς ݶƷ ߧ, % | Ɓ ݂ | ݂ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ؓ Ɓ݂ | -1...0 | 90...95 | 7 ʀ | |
| Ƣ | 0 | 90...95 | 7 ʀ | ݰƴҶ ݮݒ ƨ ݁Ƣݒ ƴ̒Ƣ ݁ |
| 뢀 | 0 | 90...95 | 8 ʀ | |
| 㓁 ƧƢƴϷΩ | -3...0 | 80 | 8 ʀ | |
| Ɓ | -1...0 | 80...85 | 7 ʀ |
. Ȯ, ߂ ݂, ƴ Β ˮ, ƒȮ ߨƢ ݢςƩ ; Ψ, , ߂݁Ƣ ԧ݂, ݂ Ƣ, ®, ߧƢΨ, ݶ҂Ψ ƴ߂Ԩ Ԩ, ݷ݂, ƷƂ Ƣ, ݢς ƧƒƢ ݂, ƒȮ ưƨ ư݂Ʃ ƒƩ.
, ƒ ȮӒ ƢȮ ݂, ƴ Β ư ̴ݨ خ݂ ؒݴςƨ ƒˀ. Ʃ ƴƢ ʮƂƣ Ƨ ưƧ ƣ݂ݒ ƒ ư ݒ Ʒ Ʒư ݴ. - ƣ݂ݒ Ƣ ݒ ƴ.
݂ Ӓ ƒ ƒƧƢ . Ƿ Ʒƀ ưƢ݂, ƷԒ ƴʀ ƷˮӒ, ưݰݒӒ ݷƨ ݴ (1. 40% ݴ 40. Ƨ). Ѣ, Ӂ, ʮƂ ƷݢӒ ƒΒΨ. Ѵ ƶ ݂ߨƢ, ݷƨ ݂ ƁӒ Ψ ƨ - Ӓ 30...50/2 . Ѣ Ɓ شƒ ݁Ӓ Ɓƨ 3- Ɓ. ƒƨ ƢӒ.
ƶ ߮ʮƢݒ ݂Ȁ ´Ʃ ߢ (40/ Ƨ). ݧ ݒ 50-60 ݁ݧ ƢȀ. Ʒ ̒ƣ ƨȀ ƢӒ Ԓ ҂Ʃ ߢ. ƒƨ ƨȀ ƷˮӒ.
. ݂Ԓ خݴς ƴ҂ ݂ , ưƢ݂ Ʃ ݁Ʃ ʮ, Ȯ - Ƃ Ψ ´ݶ.
Ӓ ݂, ƒ ؓ ݧӒ ݢݴƨ ƀ 2,5. Ƨ ƴƨ ݁ ݂ ݂ ߧƒƧ, ƒ ؓӒ ߧ ԧ 1003/ Ƃ Ƨʮ. 퀨ݒ ݷ Ƨ݀ 0...-1 ݧ. . ƒ ݂ ߨƶ Ƣ݂. ƒ ݒ ƣ ߧ -1...-3 ݧ. ݷӒ Ʃ Ɓƴ 0,5 ˮƩ 2...4, Ʈߢƴς, ̒ "Ʒ" ݧӒ ؓ ƀ 1...1,5. ƒƨ Ӓ ƀ 0,5. ư Դ Ƣˀ ݒ, Ӓ خݨ, ƴƨƩ ݒݴݨ. ƢƷ Β ƴ Β Ʃ ƒݶ ƴ . ݂ݢ݀ ݒ -0,5 ݧ. . ݁ Ƣ ؓ ݂ Ƣƣ ƶ.
. ݂ Ƣ ƢƧԒ ݂ ݁Ʃ ʮ. 쁴ݧӒ Ƣ -خݨ ηƒƩ 1,2. ݂ Ȯ ݶ Ƣ Ӓ ƨ ƴƒƣ ߢ-ؓƂƩ. ƶ ݂ Ƣ ® Ȯ, Β Ʃ ش҂Ʃ. ʀ ݂ Ȯ ݁ش݀ Ω (Ƨ ݂ Ƣ), ƒΩ Ԓ ߢ ƴ߂ ݂ߨƢ. ؒݴς ݒ Ɓƴ 0 ݧ. , ݶƷ ߧ 90...95%.
Ǖ. ݂ ݁Ʃ ʮ ҁ ݧӒ ƀ 3, ݷƧ ߧ 60...803/ Ƃ. ߮ Ƣ݂ ƢƧԒ ߧƨ ݂. 퀨ݒ ߧ ƧӒ Ɓƴ 0 ݧ. , ݶƷ 90...95%.
(ƧƢƴϷΩ) Ʒ Ƣ Ʒư ݂Ϸ Ƣƣ ƶ. ݁ݧƩ ݧ Ʒˮ. ݂Ԓ Ȯ, Ƃ, ݁ƨ. ݁ƨ Ʃ Ʒ݀ 1,8. Ѵ ʮ ƧӒ ߧ 50...803/ Ƃ. 퀨ݒ Ƨ݀ -1...-3 ݧ. .
Ģ:
ݒ . - ݂ݒ Ϸԩ ݓ
ݒ .. - Ƨݢݒ ݨݷƣ Ϸԩƣ ƴ