Copyright 2000 by Center for Citizen Initiatives.
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ӕ ӕ̝ ӕ˗ ӷ.
(Ӕ ڕ ʔ˞ ˖˒/ʷ ˝ ڒ)
Ϛ ӷ Νҝ θ˕Ӓ ӕ˗ ˗ . ӕ˗ Κ Ν θ, , θ̚ ڸ, ӔΝ ӕ̝ Ӕ, ͕ . ӷΝڸ ˞ ӝ Θ 8 18 , . . ۔ ̝ڸҝ. θӒڸ ۜ ˛Ӓۜ , -, Ӕ ̝ڸ, -ӕ, ԕ ˒ ̚ ̚ , ҕ ӕ ڸ Ӕ, , ԕ ڸ ڕ۔˝. . 1 Ȕ ۜ ӕ˜ Ғڒ ӷ ԕ˝ ˗̚ ˔Ӓ θ.
ۓ ӷ ӕ ӕϝ ҝҝ ԕ ԕ ˔Ӓ. Κ , Ҹ Νڸ Μ ۷, ӷ ڸ ԝ ӕ̝Ӓ Ӓڸ , , Ғ, ӓ ԕӕ. Ӓ ۗ, , ˒ Ғ ۗ θ Ӕ ڕ, Ν ӕ ӕ̝ ԕ̝ڸ ˔ښ. ˔̚ θە ӗ̸ ڕ ӓ ە˕Ӓڸ ӕ̝. θە, ˞, ۗ ; ʸ, ԕӗ ԕӞۜ ӓӔ. ۜ ӕ˜ ӷ ˞ θە [[?]] ˔ښ ˞ ԕ [[?]].
ۗ θ ӕ ӕ̝, ۗ ڸ ڸ
, ˒ڸ ̚ θە. ˝, ӕ
Ӟڸ, ԕӖ, Ϛ [[?]]˝ ӗ[[?]]
(ӷ ӗ ̚ ۗ) Ν ӓ, ӷ ˗ڸ
ӕ̝Ӓ, ӕ Ӕҝ Ӓ. Ν ӓ ̚
ԕۜ ˛Ӓۜ ; ̖
͕ۓ ԕҚԸ ˞ . θ ˝ ҕښ θ
ӓ, ӓ ӓӔ ӝ ӗ , ۗ ڸ
̚ ˜̝ ̚ . ӗ Ӕ ۔ ڸҝ,
ӓ۷ ӕ̝Ӓ, ڒӕ̚ ӕϚ,
ӕ ̚ Ӓ. ӕ˒ڸ
ӗ, Ӕ Ӓڸ ۜ ӕ̝Ӓ ϝ.
˖ 1 ӔӔۜ θ | ||
| ԕ̝ڸ | |
---|---|---|
θ̚ ڸ | ӷΝڸ 7-8 ; ۗ, ڸ ۔ θ̚, ˕Ӓ̚ ԕӔڸ ˞ ԕ˝ ۞ θ˞ ҝ | |
2 3 ͕ۓ θ Ӓ | ||
θ ڕ | ӷΝ ӝ Θ 2,5 - 10 ͕ۓ . ӒҸ, ڕ ӔҸ ӷ ˔. ڸ ˯ ̚ / Ӕ ˝, ˞ . | |
̚ ԕҚԸ , ˷ ԕ˔ ̝, θ Θ 10 - 15 . ӕӯ ԕ̝ڸ Ӕ θ ԕ˒θӓ . ڕ·Ν ښ ڸ ̚ Μڕ˝, ӕ ͕ ӓ ڸҝ ˗̚. | ||
ӝ | ӷΝ ӝ Θ 5 - 10 . θ ӝ Ν ӗ, θ Ν ȝ ӕ Ӟ ҝ Ӓۜ ڸ. | |
θ ӕ | ӷΝ ӝ Θ 5 - 10 ͕ۓ ۘ˞ ӓ˞ . ӕ Ғ ӗ, ӛ ̔ҝ ԕ̝ڸ Ν ӒӘ̚. ۗ ˕Ӓڸ ӕ ̚ ӷ. | |
20-ڕӒ Ϛ , ӷ ԕҸ ˝. ʔ ڸ ӷθ, ӷ Ӕڸ ӕ̝. Ғڸ ; ۗ ԕ̝ڸ Ӓ. |
θ˕Ӓ ˓ҝ θ : θ Ӕ˒ ۜ ە ӗ ԕӞۜ ; Ӟ̝ ڸ, Ϛ ͕ ӷӔڸ ˒; Ӕ˒ ; ԕӞ̝ ӗ . ӷڸ θ ̸, ҕ ӓ, Ν ӔӕҸ, ԕӞ ̚ ӕ Ӓʔ ԕ ˒ ϝ ˔̚ . ӓ, θ ӔΝ ӕ̝, -˷۔ ˞ - , ۔ ԕڸ ڸ θ. , θ˕Ӓ Ӟ̝ ϝ ڕ۔.
ӕ ͕ښ θ˕Ӓ˝.
, Ӕʔ, ӗ ԕӓҝ , θ˕Ӓڸ. ̸, ӷΝ θ ҕ . ۞ θ˕ ̸, ӷ ԕ˓Ӓڸ , ۔˒ ʔۜ Ӕ. θ˕ , ϝ , ӷ ӗ ӓ ԕӞڸ. Ϛ ӓ ˝ ӔҸ Ӕ θ, ۷ , ӷ ڸ ڸ ӗ ԕӓڸҝ ˕Ӓڸ . θ, , ԕ, , ۔ Ӕ˒ڸ ԕӞۜ ە ӗ, ˞ θە, ϝ, ӕ Μ ԕӞۜ ە. θ, ԕ, , ӕӯ Ν Μ˒ , ˞, . Ғӷʔ ӕ̝Ӓ , ӷΝڸ θ Θ 8 - 18 , ӷ Ӕڸ ӕ̝. ̚ ۗ ӷ ̸ ӕ̚ ӷΝڸ ̸ θ ˞. θ ͕ۓ Ӕ ӷӒ, ˞ ۯ. ӕ˗ θ Ӕ ԕ˜ ̝ , ͕ ӓ, θ , ӛ · .
˗ θ.
˗ θ (, θ̚ ڕ ڸ, ) Ғڒ, ԕۘ˞ Μ θ, ӷ ӷڸ ӷӕ˒ڸ ӗ, ӷΝ ӕ˗ ۷ڕښ θ̚ ښ, Ӓ Ϛ ԕӔ˒ڸ. θ Μ ӕ˗ Κ, ӕ ̚. Νҝ ۗ θ˕ۜ ӕ˗ , θ ̚ ӕϚ, Ӕҝ , Ν ڕ˕Ӓڸ ӗ̚ ڒӕ̚ ӕϚ, ӷӔ ۷˕ڸ ۜ θ ̖ , . . ˕ҝ ӗ ڒ̚ ӷ.
θ̚ ڸ ӓۜ θ̚ θ, θڸ ˞ ӷθ. ԕ˒ ۗ Ӟ ڝҝ, ˷, ͕ۜ ӓӔ, Ӕԕ˖Ϛ , ͒ ӕ ԕӷڸҝ ӕ̝ .
ԕӗθ , . . Ӟ̝ҝ ӕ̝Ӓ ۷ Ν ̝Ӓ.
ӕ ӕӯ θӒڸ Ν Ӕ˝ ӕ̝Ӓ ͕ۓ ӓ˞ ڕ.
θ ӕ˗˞ Ӓ.
˷ ԕڕ̚ ӕ˗ Ν θ˕Ӓ˝ Νҝ ˛Ӓ ̔ ̸. ӗ ӕӓ, ˞ θӒڸ θ˞ .
ە ӗ ە ͕ۗ ҕ. ԕڒ ԕӕ˒ ӕ̝Ӓ Ӓ ڸ ӗ. ڸ ۜ θ θ , ԕӓڸ ӗ. ԕӔڸ ӗ Ν Ν ӓ, ӷ Ҹ Ӕ. θ Ӕ , . . ӕ Ӓ Ӕ ۔ ˯ Ӓ ˝ ۔ ӕӒ.
̔ ̸ Ν ۞ Ӕ ԕڸ Ӕ , ͕ ӓ, Ӕڸ. ӕ ӕ Ӓ ӓ ԕӕ ̸, Ӓ ڕ۔˝, ӓ ۔ ۷ڸ. ӕ ӕ̝ ӓ ˒ڸ ԕӕڸ ̸. ӕ ˔ ̔ ӕڝҝ Ғ, ӛ , , ԕ˔ҝ ͕ڸ Ӕ θ (ԕ, ), ӷ ڸ .
˔ښ ˞ ԕ.
˔̚ θە (˞ ̚ ) - θە, ˒Ϛ θ ˗˝ ڕە ӗ Ӓ˝ ەӒ̝ Ӕ˝ θ̚ Ӓ . ˔ښ ӗ, , θە , ˒ ڸҝ, ӷ ӕ˗ӓ θ̚ ڒ. ˷ ԕ̝Ϛ ˔̚ θە Νҝ ˞, ʸ, ͕̚ . (˔̚ θە θۜҝ ͕θە, ۗ Ӓ θ ˞ ԕ˝ Νҝ ӗ .)
˔̚ θە ҝҝ ӷӒ. ӷӒ ӗ̚ ˝ , ӷ ڸ ӕ, ۜ Ν ڕ·˝ ˝. ̚ ڕ۔˗ ̚ ˔ ӷӒ. ڸ ̚ ˔ ˕Ӓ , . ¯˒ , ۗ ےڸ , ӷӔϚ Ν ˞ ۔ .
Μ, , ˒ ϸ Ӓ̝ Ν. ۗۜ Ә Ӓ̝ Μ Ν. ˷θ 4 - 6 θ ۜ ӗ θە, ˔ښ ӗ. ڕ۔ Ҕڸ, ڕϷӒڸ ˔ښ (Ӓ ) ҕڸ ˞ ۗۜ.
˞. ڕ, ӛ θ Ν ӓ, ӷ ڸ ҒӷӔ̚ ۗ ʔ ە. ȗ˒ ӕ, ӛ ˞ ˷ ҕ ˞ ӕӒ, ˷ 6 θ ˞ ӕӒ. ˞ - Ӕ , ӕӯ ҝ ӔӕӔ̚ ̚ ӗ. җ 100 - 150 10 ͒.
ʸ. ̸, ʸ ӕӯ Ӕۜ ԕӔΗ ۜ . ʸ ӕӯ ڸ ۗ, ۷ӕ Ӕ˞ ڕ ҝ Ν. җ 100 - 150 10 ͒.
. , ʸ, ̖ ̸, ¯ ڒڒۜ .
θ˕Ҹ ԕθ, ӔӔ Ν ӓ ӕ . Νҝ Ӕ ӷӒ ӷΝ ӗ . ӕӯ ̚ ӗ. җ 50 - 100 10 ͒.
̚ . ӷӒ , ӕ ӗ 1 2 . ۗ ӷڸҝ ӷڸ ڒڒۜ . ӕӯ Κ, ӗ̚ ӗ. ̖ җ 10 - 25 10 ͒.
˖ 2 - Ӓ ӔӕӔ˝ ӗ ӕ˗ ۔ӷ˝ | ||||||||
۔ӷ | Ӕ (%) | ˗ڒ (͓/10 ͒. ) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ӕ | ||||||||
ӗ | ||||||||
͕Ӓ | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0,5 - 1,5 | ||||
5 | 3 | 3 | 0,5 - 1,5 | |||||
| 7 | 0,5 | 2,3 | 0,5 - 2,5 | ||||
ӗ ӕ | ||||||||
1 | 11 | 0 | 0,5 - 1,5 | |||||
˔̚ | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0,5 - 3 | ||||
̚ ̸ | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0,5 - 3 | ||||
ӗ ˝ | ||||||||
Ԛθ | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1,25 - 5 | ||||
̚ | 0 | 0 | 7 | 1,25 - 5 | ||||
Ӕӕ | 1,5 | 0,5 | 2,5 | 0,5 - 1 |