Copyright 2000 by Center for Citizen Initiatives.
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(Ӕ ڕ ʔ˞ ˖˒/ʷ > ڒ)
Extension Agent. - ԕ˒˜ ˒ θӞ>ڒ ԕ˗ ̔> > Ӓ; θ, ӓ ˒ڸ Ғ . Ӓ̚ Ӕ extension - ү˕, ԕڕ
Ӓθ̚ ԕӖ ̯
Ӗ ԕڕ> ӷӒ> Μ θ ӗ ԕӷ > ԕڸ ˞ ԕ, ¯ڸ Ғ ԕӷϚ Ӓڸ Ғ ەӒ̸ . ˗, ڕ· θ, > ӔڒӒڸ ڕ۔˗ڸ ۓ Μ. ̯ θ ԕ>Ϛ ӷӒθ̚ ԕ̖, ӕ˕Ӓ̚ Ӓ Ӗθ Ӓ̗ ; ԕӓϚ ̯ ӷ ˗θ̚ Μ ӷӒθ ԕӓϚ - ˕Ӓ ԕӓϚ, ԕӷӒ, Ӗ ԕӓϚ.
ԕ Ӓ̚ ԕ̖Ӓ ӷӒθӓ ԕӖ.
Ӗ ̯ (ԕڕ> ӷӒ>) Μ, ˞. ̯ > ԕӖ, ӕ ӓ Μ> ڸ >θ̚ ڒڒ̚, Ϛ ۓ˞ Μ. ԕӖ ӕ Җ˗ ښ, Ӓ Ӓ> ڕθ̚ Ϛ. ̯ - Ә Μ> ӷۗ> ˞, ԕ Ӓ Ӓθ ӕ ӷ, ӷ > ·>. ̯ Ӓ θӒ ۗ̚ Ӓ , ԕڸ ˞ ԕ ¯ ԕӷ, ӕ ԕ˞Ӕ> ˒ڸ>. ӷ ̯ - Ғ>̚ ԕӖ > ԕӓ, ԕ̚ ¯ ԕӷ. θ ̯ >>> ԕҗ̚ > Ӓ , ӕ - ˷ ԕ˗ ۔Ӓڒӕ>ڸ ڕ·Ӓ> > .
ښ ӷӒθӓ ԕӖ ̯.
Ӓθ̚ ԕӖ ̯ 4 >˞ Ӓ. >>:
1) ۗ (),
2) ̯,
3) Ϛ ӷӒθ ԕӓϚ,
4) Ӕ ԕӓϚ.
ښ > ԕ> ӷ Μ ښ ӕӒ ӷӒθ ԕӓϚ > Κ Μ.
. ӓ ڸ ԕ̚ ̔˒˔, , ϸ>, ԕ> θ ̚ , , ԕ, , Ӕ ڕ Ӕ ӕ. ۗӒ > ˕Ӓ ӷӒθ ԕӓϚ ̯. ԕ, , , ەӒ̸ ӷӒ>, ԕӗ> ӷۗ, , ̚ ͕, ڕ ˒, - ӗ̸ ۗښڸ ԕ ԕӓϚ.
ԕӓϚ ̯ ӷӔ ԕڸ , ڕ· Ӓ (ښ) ۗڸ ӷӒθ ԕӓϚ; ˔ ۗڸ; θ θ̚ θ ԕӓϚ. >>> ˒̚ ۗ ԕӖ, ˒̚ ۗ ӕ. θ ۗ > ԕӓϚ, ̯ ԕ˒ڸ ԕӓϚ. ԕӓϚ > θ˞ , ӕ ˜ ԕӓϚ ԕ˒> ԕ ˔ ˞ . Ӓθ̚ ԕӖ ̯ ԕ , ӷ ۗ ԕӯ ԕ̚ >; ӷ ԕӷϚ ڕ· ۗӒ Ӓ>> ӷ .
ۗӒ ԕӖ ԕӓϚ · >>> ̚ ӗ ˒ > ˞. ԕ ۗ >> ԕӓ, ӕ ԕ ˒ ۗ, Ғ ӷڒ̚. ӷӔ ˒ڸ ӷۜ Ғ> ۗ > ӓ, ӷ ڸ ڸ ͖˕Ӓڸ ˞ Ӓ θ̚ > , ӷӕ, ӕ˕Ӓڸ Ӓ, ԕ˒Ӕ θ̚ >. , >>>Ҹ Κ Μ ԕۜ , ԕ> ӷ ̚ ӗ ӕ. ԕ>ڸ ڸ ӛ˕Ӓڸ, ԕڸ ۗۜ ӕ˜ ԕӷ̚ ˗̚ > Ӗڸ θښ ӓ.
θڒ Κ ۗӒ ԕӗ ԕڸ ӕ˜ Ә θ˞, Ӕӓ, ӕӒ ےڒ. ˒̚ ԕ>> ӔӔ, ԕ ӕ > ӕ> ˕ ˗̚ ӕӒ ےڒ.
ԕӓ ̯ >>> ӷӒθ̚ ۗ ڸ Μ >. ̯ Ӓ> Ә ۗ ˞ · ےڒ ڒڒ Ғ ӷۗ. ӷӒ ڸ ۯ ۗ ےڒ ( ԕ˒ӓ ےڒ ԕӔ>), ڒ ӕ ӷӒθ ԕӖ.
Ϛ ԕӓϚ ̚ ڸ ͒̚ > ӷ> ۗ ԕڸ ӷۗ. ӓϚ ڕ>> ۗ ԕۘ ӷӒθӓ Ԛ ۗ җ̚ , ӷ ӗ ۗ ڕڸ Ғ> ʔ , ۗ ԕʔ ˗̚ , ԕڸ ڕڸ Ғ Ԛ ڒڒ Ӓ .
̯. ̚ ӷӒθ ԕӖ ̯ >>> ԕӔθ. ەӒ ̯ ڸ θ Ӓ, ۗ˒ ԕθ θӞ>ڒ ӷӒ, ̸ ̸ . > ԕ Ӕڸ ԕ ̯ ەӒ ̸ ڕ. ەӒ ̯ ڸ θ ӕ ̸. ˖ ӷۗ ̯ ԕӒӔ> ˕ە Ӕ θӒ θӞ>ڒӓ ү ۗ·ӓ > ˗ θ. ̯ ԕҸ ˞ӓ˗˞, Ӗӓ˗˞, ӓ˗˞ ۓ˞ θӒ.
θ Μ Μ ӷӒθ ԕӓϚ >>> Ӓ ۗ ԕӔΜ, ̯, ۘ > ӷӒθۜ ԕӓ, ӷ ˒ ҕڒ ۗ, ͕ , . Ӕθ ̯ ەӒ, (ӷ ͕ ̯), ۗ Ә θ ԕ ӷӒθ ԕӓϚ ̯ ەӒ> . ەӒ ̯ ˕> ԕ ԕ ӓ ԕ ͕ӓ ӕ ˞ > , Ӓ> ۓ ˗ ӓ˗ ӕ. > ӓ, ӷ ڸ ە ˞ ӷ ӷ θӞ>ڒ ̯ ӷӔ ԕڸ ۗ Ӕ˗˞ ە Ӓ> ͒ > ӷӒ>ڸ Ғ >.
̯ Μ> ̚ ӷ , ̯ ӓ ەӒ> ӕӯ ˕Ӓ ӷӒ. , ӕ ԕθ ӔӒ̚ ӷ Ӗӓ˗ Ӓ̗ , ӓ˗˞ Ӓ , ӕ ӷӔ ԕ>ڸ ԕ Μ ӷӒθ, ԕ˗, ԕӓϚ. ӷӔ ڸ, Ӓ> θ ӓ ӷ> Μ> , ӷ ӗ ̯ ۗڸ ۓ۷ ԕ ӓ˗ ԕӖ, ԕ˗ ӕ ӷӒθ̚ ԕӓ ̯. ڸ, ̯ ۗ> >ڸ ԕӓϚ Ӓ ӕ˗˞ ˔, ԕ̖Ӓ ̖Ԗ ӷ ӓ, Ӗӓ Ӓ̗ ښڸ ˔, ԕ̖Ԛ ̖Ԗ ԕ˗ ӞӔ˒ ԕӓϚ. ˷ ˒ ԕӔ ̯ · ԕӖ ӷӒθ ԕӓϚ ̯ -ۗ Ғ˞ Ӓ.
Қ> 1980 Ӕ ԕӔ>, Κ ̓, Ӕ ښ, ԕۘ ̯. >>: ˕Ӓڸ ԕӓ; >ڸ Ӗ˒ڸ θښ ԕӓϚ; ӷڸ ¯ڸ ԕӷ̚ ; ԕڸ θ˒̚ ¯> ԕӷϚ; ˒ڸ θۜ ˜ ԕӓϚ ԕ˔˒ڸ> ԕӕӒ; ӷڸ ӷ˜; ӷڸ ڕ˕Ӓڸ ̚ ; >ڸ Ӓ ۓ˞ Μ; ˗ڸ; ҷڸ ӷӒθ ԕ>˜ ·>; Ӓڸ Ғ˞ ۓ.
1985 Ӕ ԕ θ ԕӔ> ӓ ̓ Ә ӕ ڕ˞ . ˒, ˗̚ ԕӔ> θ̚ θ > Ҹ ӷӒθ̚ ԕӖ. ӓ, Ӕ˒ ӷӔڸ θ ̖θ , ӕ> ӷ ԕӔΜ ۘۜ θ ӷӒθ ԕӖ. ӞӒ ԕӔ> > ӓ ̓ Ӓ, ԕڸ ¯>; ˕Ӓڸ; ڕ; ԕӕ ˗ ӓ˗ ӕ.
1970 Ӕ ڒʔ, ̯ Μ · Ӓ ӷӒθ ӕ, θ θӞ>ڒ̚ ˒Ӓ Μ, ԕ˗ ˞ θ >ڒ, , ӕ> ڸ , ԕ˗ Ӓ ۗ̚ . ӓϚ ̚ ڸ Ϛ̚ ̚ Ԛ ڕ·> , ӕ ԕӓϚ ԕ̚.
(Ӕ ڕ ʔ˞ ˖˒/ʷ > ڒ)
̖Ԛ ӷӒθӓ ԕӖ ̯.
ۜ ԕ̖Ԛ ӷ˒ θ Ϛ ̯ ԕ> ԕӖ ˕Ӓ> ԕӓ ̯, ˞ ԕ>, ԕӖ Ӗ θӒ ˞ ԕӓ ԕ> ˞ Ӓ ͒.
1. ̯ ӷڸ > ۷ʔڸ, > ڸ> Ғ .
2. ̯ ڔڸ · ڗ, ӷӒθ̚ ԕӓϚ ̯ θ ۘڒۜ˞ Ӓ > > ˔.
3. > ӓ, ӷ ڸ ˕Ӓڸ >ڸ ӷӒθ̚ ԕӓϚ, ¯ ӷڸ ӓ˗ >ڸ ˔ > ԕӓϚ ԕӖ ښ.
4. ̯ ӷӔ ڸ ӷ Ӗθ - θە ҕ, Ӓ> ӕ ښ > Ғ ԕӓϚ.
5. ̯ ӷӔ ڸ ԕ̖Ԛ ڕ> ӯ Ғ ڔڸ · ڗ ˞ ԕ> ¯ ԕӖ > ԕӓϚ.
6. ̯ ڸ Ӕڸ ̚ ʔ Ϛۜ ԕӓ, ښڸ ˒ڸ ڕ˜ ˜.
7. ̯ ڸ Ӗ˒ڸ ̸ ˒ ԕӓϚ, ̸ >> ۗӒ ԕӓϚ ӗ > ̚ .
˖˕Ӓ ˔Ӓ Μ, ӕ ԕ ӷ˒ڸ ӷӒθ> ԕӓ ̯.
̯ ԕڸ ˔ · ˜, Ӓ ԕ> ӷ ӕ˕Ӓۜ ӕ˜.
ۓ ӔӔ >˜ ˔ >>> ԕ Μ, θۜ˞> ˷ >θ̚ . ӔӔ ڕ· ˕ӓ ͕ۓ , ԕӖە ԕ>> ¯ . ӓ, ̯ ̸ ӕ˕Ӓ ̚ >ڸ ڸ ԕθ̚ Ӕ , ˔˕ .
ڸ ӔӔ >>> ӔӔ, ԕ ӕ ԕ>> Ӕ θ Ӓ, ԕ ԕ̖θ̚ ¯>, ӕ ӒӔڒۜ> θ̚ ̚ Ԛ. Ӕ>, ˔ ڸ Μ, ӕ ԕ ӓ Ӕ ¯>. ˔, ̔˖˕Ӓ̚ Ә ڕڸ ӔӔ, ˒ > ̸ ӷڒ. θ˞ ¯, ԕϚ Μ, ԕҗڸ ڸ ˞ θ ӷӒθ ԕӓϚ.
ڒښ ӔӔ >>> ԕ ۗ> ӷڒ Ӗθ ӓ ӷڒ. Ә ӓ ӔӔ ˔Ӓ Μ˞ ӕ> ӓ ӷڒ, θ ڸ ԕθ Ӗڸ ڒθۜ θ Ӓ ӕ ̸ ۗ> Ӗθ . ˔ >>> Μ, ӕ ԕ ˷ ˒ ۗ Ӗθ ӓ ӷڒ.
ڕ > Ϛ .<p>
Ϛ ԕ>>, Ӕ> ӷӒθۜ ԕӓ ̚ ڸ ڕ̚ ӷ Ӓڸ ۓ ۓ ӕ>, ӷ Ӓڸ ˒ڸ ڒ ۓ ۓ; Ӓڸ ەӒ̸ Ӓ, ˕Ӓڸ ˞ Ӓڸ ӕ ӷڒӒڸ ۗ ԕ>˜ ԕӓϚ , .
ڕ θ ԕӒ ڕ, ӷڒۜ˞ ԕ>˜ ӷӒθ̚ ԕӓ.
- ʷ ̯ θӞ>ڒӓ ڔ ԕӓ Ӓ> ԕӔθ Ϛ. > ӓ, ӷ ˕Ӓڸ ۗ Ӓ ԕӓ, > θ Ӓ, ӷ˒˞> Ә Ӓ ӓ. Μ> , ӷ Ҕڸ ˔Ϛ > ۓ˞ Ӓ. ԕ˓ Ӓ, ӷ˒˞> θ˞ Ӓ, Ӓ, ӕ θ̚ θ ̚ > . ̚ ԕ, , ˞ ˜, ۔ θ Ϛ Ӕ ӷۗ> - ˷ ԕϚ ӗ > ԕ ԕӓϚ. Ӕ Μ ·>: ̚ θ ӷӒθ̚ Ә; > ˕ӒҸ ԕӒӔڸ Ӓ ڕ ˷ ͕˗˞ >. ̯ Ә ˕Ӓ Ӕ˒ڸ >̚ ښ , Ӓ̚ ԕӓ. ӷ ӓ ڸ ے̚, ԕ> ԕϚ ӓ > Ӓ θ ڸ ˞ , Ӓ> ԕڸ ԕӷ. ӓ Ә ӷۗ̚ ˕Ӓڸ ԕڒۜ Ӕ ӓ, ԕ>Ϛ θӒڸ ˞ > ӓ, ӷ ӗ ۗ >ڸ Ϛ Ӓ ӓ. ӓ, ԕ˒ Ӓ ӓ>, Ә ӓ ӷڸ Ҟ ښ ۜ˞ ԕϚ ӓ>.
Ϛ θښ.
̯ җښڸ >, ӷӔ > > ӓ ԕӓϚ. ԕ>>, > ӕ ڕ·> θ , Μڸ ԕӓ, җۜ Γ Ӕ. ԕ>>, ӕ ڕ· θӓ , Μڸ ͕ҕӗ̚ ԕ>.
ӓ, ¯ ڸ ˒ڸ ӷۜ Ғ> ӷ˕ڸ ӕ˜ θ > ԕӓϚ, - > ӓ, ӷ ڸ ۜ˞ ڒ ˗ ̚ ԕӓ . θӒ > ԕӓϚ > >>> ͕˗ Ӓ > ӒڒӒ> ԕӓϚ, > ӷӔϚ ӕ̚ , > Ӕ> > Ғ> ۗ ԕӓϚ. Ӗ > ԕӓϚ > Ӓ̚ ԕӓϚ. Ӕ Ӗ, Ӕ > ԕӓϚ θӒ Ӗ, ӷӔ ښڸ > ʔ ԕӓϚ ڔθ. ӓ, ӷӔ ԕڕ˒ڸ > ԕӓϚ ԕ>>, Ғ>̚ ӛ Ӗ θӒ, ڕ·Ϛ ԕӓ. θ Ӗ θӒ ڕ· ̚ θ̚ ڕ, Μڸ> Ӓ ԕӔڒ̚ Ӓ .
ԕӓϚ. ڒ.
θڒ ۗ ӷۗ Κ Μ ԕӞӔ ˕˗ . ڸ, ӷۗڸ Ӕӓ Ӓ, > ۗڸ>. ڕ θ ԕӒ ˒.
̯ ڔ ԕӒӔ ˜ > ˜ ښ ӗ > ӕ ӷӔϚ Ӓ ͕ӛӒ. ̯ ڸ, ԕ˒ ۗӒ ԕӓϚ >>, θ ӷ˕> Ӓӕڸ ˜ . , > ۗ ԕӓϚ > ӓ, ӷ θȯ Ӗڸ θښ ԕӓϚ, Μ> ԕ ˒ ۗ>. > θڒ ۗӒ ԕ˗ Ҹ ӕӒ, ӕ ڒښ ˗Ҹ θ̚. ۗ˖ ԕ˯ , ԕ , ӓ, , ۗ ӓ Ӓ ӒӔ Ғ ˓ە. Ӕ Ӓ, ӷӕ, ҷ Ӕ> ۗ˜ ۓ ԕӓ, ےڒӒ ·> ӕ ۗ ڸ Ғ . > ڕڸ ۗ ԕ˗ Ҹ : ۔ۗ θ̚ ˕ӕ Ӕӓ ԕԕ>> >> ە̖ ӕ̚ Ӕӓ ӕ˒ӓ ڕ۔. θ Ӓ ԕ˯ ˜ Ғ ԕ>> θ ԕ˯ , ےڒӒ ·> ҒӷӔ ԕӓϚ ̯, ۓ˞, ӕθ̚ ԕӓ.
˗ .
̔˒˔θ̚ ԕ>> ӷۗ> > ˗̚ Ӕ. ە ԕ> ӷ ښ Ӓ̚ Ӕ>: 1) ےڒ̚; 2) θ̚; 3) Ӗθ̚; 4) Ӗθ̚. ےڒ̚, - ӓ ӕ> ԕ> ͕ ҕ ӕ ےڒ. θ̚ Ӕθ > θ ԕӖ ӕ. Ӗθ ӔΜ >> ˗̚ ےڒ, ӯ> θ̚ , > ԕӖ ڷӕ ӕ, ˕Ӓ> ӷ ԕ> ۗ̚ . Ӗθ ӔΜ >> Ӓ ӕ, ӕ ӓ ˷ ӓڸ, ˷ ԕ>ڒӒڸ ԕӖ ӷۗ>.
> Ӓ ̯, > ԕӔ, ˞ ӔӕӔ ۔ӕ, ڸ , ےڒ̚ Ӕθ. ԕ˕ۜ˞ > Ԛ ԕ>> ӷۗ> ۔ > ̯ ԕ ӕ θ̚ (> Ԛ) ӔӔӒ Ӕ ӷۗ>, ԕ ۜ˞ ԕӓ.
Ӕθ ےڒӓ ԕ>> Ӓ: 1) ̚; 2) ̚; 3) ˒̚; 4) θ̚; 5) ˗; 6) ˗; 7) ӕθ̚.
1. ̚. Ӓ, ӕ˕Ӓ̚ ԕ> ӕ, ۗ ӷۗ> ҕڒ > Ҹ. ۗ, ӕ Μ ڸ ˓, ەΚ, ӕ җ, ۗڸ - ˷ θ ӓ, ԕӗ . Ӓ, ԕ ӕӓ Ӓӕ>, / ̚ , ڸ> ӓ Ӕ ۗ.
2. ̚. Ӓ, ӕ˕Ӓ̚ ԕ> ӕ, θڒ ۗ ۗ ۗ˒ ԕښ, ۯ> ԕӔ>. , ӷ Ӓӕ˒, ےڒ, ۜ ӕ˜ / ӕ, ӓ ڸ> ӕ ۗӒ.
3. ˒̚. ˒̚ ۗ ӷ Μ> ӓӒӕڸ, ӷ۔ڸ ˗̚ ښ Ϛ; җ, ۗ ۔> ڸ θۜ ӕ˜. ӕ > ӕ ԕ ˒̚ ۗ >>>: ·θ ۗӒ, ӷʔ> ԕϚ ..
4. θ̚. θ ӕ˕Ӓ̚ ۗ ۗ ۗ˒ Ӓۜ ӕ˜ >̚ . , ԕӗ , ̚, Ȕ, ˗ ӷ>, ˖ ڕ, > θ ӕ˕Ӓ̚ ۗ.
5. ˗. ۗӒ > , ۗ ԕ Ӓۜ ӕ˜ ҕڒ ӕ >>. ۗ ےڒӒڸ ԕ , ͕ , ڕӓڸ θ ˗ڒ ԕӒ. / ښ ӕ˜ . Ӟ θ ԕ>, Κ ۗ ӕ˜ θ. ԕ ӕ˜ .
6. ˗. ˗ ӕ˕Ӓ ۗ ӷӔ ˓ڸ> > ӓ, ӷ ۗ Ғڸ Ӓۜ ӕ˜. , ӕ > Ғ> ӕ ӷӔ ˓ڸ> , ͕ , ˓ڸ -˷ ڸ , ӷ >> ˗ ӕ˕Ӓ̚ ۗ. , > ˓>, ۯ> ԕӔ>, > ˓, ڸ> ۗӒ. ̘̚, ӕ > >, ͕ӯ ˗̚ Κ, ӘԚ ԕ > ҕθ̚ ˗ӓ Ӓ, >> ˗ ӕ˕Ӓ̚ ۗ.
7. ӕθ̚. ۗӒ >> Μ, ӕ ۗ Ғ˒ ӕ˜ Ӓ Әۘ>. , Ӗ˕ ӕۜ ӕ˜ ԕ̚ Ӓ Әۘ>, ӞӒڸ ۗӒ ӕθӓ >.
ۗ ԕ>>.
ԕӓϚ, ԕ ͒ ӷӔ ۗښڸ ϸ Ӓ: 1) ˒>; 2) >ڸ ; 3) ڒڒ ӷۗ>; 4) Ӓθڸ; 5) ӷ> Ғ> ӒڒӒ ԕӓϚ; 6) ԕڒڸ Ӓ; 7) ӒڒӒ ӷ> Ғ> ԕӖ >.
1. ˒> - Μ > ˕Ӓ> ۗӒ ԕӖ ӷۗ>. ԕ>>, ӕ Ӓ ۗӒ ԕӖ ӷۗ> , > Ә>ڸ ˞ ڕ˜ >θ ԕӖ ԕӓ, Ӓ Ӓڸ ۗӒ ԕӓ.
2. ڸ ӷӔ > ۗӒ, ӷ ӓ >ڸ ԕӓϚ ˗ Ғ , ԕӓϚ. ԕӓϚ ̚ ڸ Ϛ > ۗӒ ̚ Ӕ>ڸ ˞.
3. ڒڒ ӷۗ , ˕Ӓ̚ ԕ>> ̚ ӷڒӒڸ ۗ Ғ˜ ԕ ӕ. ӷ ڸ ۔ , ۗ, , ԕӔθ. ڒڒ ӷۗ> () ˕ > Ϛ θӒ; () ۔˒ ԕӓ ӷ ۗӒ ԕڸ ӕ˜; () ӷڒ ڕ˜ ԕӓϚ Ӓ ԕڒۜ Ԛ ۗӒ; () ӓ ۗ Ғ>ڸ ӕ˜, ۗۜ Ӕӓ ӗ ӕ, ۗ ۓӓ ӗ.
4. Ӓθڸ , ԕ˗ >> ۜ ӕ˗ Ӕڒʔ ӕ˜ ӕ˗˞ >. ˗ >> ̚ ڸ ˕Ӓ̚ ӷ, ӷ ʔ ۜ > ˒ , ԕӷ̚ ԕۘ >. θ̚ >> ӓ ү˕ڸ ͕ۓӕ ԕ˒ θۜ ۷ Ӓ ӕ.
5. > Ғ> ӒڒӒ ԕӓϚ ӓ ۷ڸ ۗӒ, ԕ> ӕ> ڒڒ > ӓ ӕ˕Ӓڸ ԕӓ ӷ, ӷ ͒ θ .
6. ڒڸ Ӓ ԕ˗ >>, ԕ ӕ ۗ ӓ ԕӷӒڸ ԕڸ , ԕӷ̚ Ӕ , , ˗ ڕ˕.
7. ӒڒӒ ӷ> Ғ> ԕӖ > ԕӓϚ ӓ ˕Ӓڸ ۗ̚ Ҕڸ ˞ ԕ˒̚ > θ ӗ ۗӒ.
Ӓ >θ ԕӓϚ.<p>
̯ ڸ > Ӗڸ θښ > ӷӒθ ԕӓϚ ӗ > ڕ̚ ҕڒ ӗ > ̚ ԕӓ . ԕӓϚ ԕ>> ڕ·> ӷۗӓ ̓; ͕> > Ӗ θӒ >>>: ̸ Ӓӓ ۗ> ۗӒ, θ̚ Ӓ̗ >, ͒ڸ ڕ̚ ۗ̚ θ.
Ӗ θӒ.
Ӗ θӒ , ӷ ӷڸ ۜ ӷۜ Ғ>, ۜ ԕӓ ̯. ̯ > ԕ>ڸ · Ӕӓ˜ ۗ> θӒ Ә ӷ Ғ>. > ӓ, ӷ θӒڸ θښ Ӗ ԕӓϚ ˷ ˒̚ ӷ, ̯ ԕʔ ԕڸ > ·>, ӷ˕> θښ ԕ>ڸ. ʔ> ԕӓ ̯ > ڒڒ̚ ˖. ӓ ڸ>:
- ̯;
- ڕ˒̚ Ϛ ̯;
- ڗ ԕӓϚ;
- ۗ ԕӓϚ;
- ԕ ڕ;
- ӷۗϚ ̓;
- ԕ Ӕθ .
ʔ ˞ ڒڒ̚ ˖ Ғ ͕ Ӗ θ˒ ԕӓϚ, ԕ:
- ӒڒӒ ӓ˗ӓ ԕӖ;
- ӒڒӒ ԕӖ ԕӓϚ;
- ԕӒ Ӓ >θ ԕӓϚ;
- ¯> ӒӔ ;
- ү˕ ԕӓϚ;
- ڗ θ ԕӓϚ ӷڒڸ;
- Ӓ ͒ ԕӔ;
- ͕ ԕ͕ ԕӓϚ;
- ӷ>θ ԕ ԕӓϚ Ӓ.
Ӗ˒ڸ θ˒ڸ ԕӓϚ ڸ, , ڒڸ ۜ ԕҚ:
1. ԕӓ ԕӒ̚ ԕ>> >Ϛ ̚ ڔθ ۗ?
2. ԕӓ ԕӒ̚ ԕ>> -˷ Ӓ̗ > ӷۗ ̓?
3. ԕӓ ԕӒ̚ ԕ>>, ڕ̚ ҕڒ Ӗ˕Ӓ̚ ԕү Ӓ̗ > ӷۗ ̓?
4. ӕ̚ ԕ>>, > ԕӓϚ, ڕە, ͖˕Ӓ ԕӓ̚ ԕӖە ˒̚ ӗ > ۗ̚ θӒ?
ӗ̚ Ӕ.
̚ ԕ ԕ ӕ˕Ӓ Ӗӗ̚ ͕ >>>: 1) Ӟ , ԕӓ , ˕Ӓ? 2) ښ ԕӓϚ ͖˕Ӓ ˒, ӕ ˞ ڕ·> >? 3) ԕӓ ӓ, ӷ ԕ> ӒҜ? 4) ӷӗ̚ ښ, ̚ Μ> ڕە Ӓ ԕӓϚ?
ӗ> ԕӖە.
ۜ ԕ̚ ӗ ̯ ԕ Ӗ ԕӓϚ:
1. ԕ ˯ ԕӓ, ʔ> Ӗ. ӕ ۗ> ̯ ԕӒӔڸ Ӗ ԕӓϚ, θ Ҕ ۓ˞ ̖>.
2. ԕҸ, ԕڸ Ғ ڗ ӗ ̖˜.
3. ¯ > ·> ԕ, ӗ ӷ ڕ·> Ӗ˒ڸ ҒӜ ԕӓ. ۓ Ӓ, Ӓ ԕ˗̚ Ӗ ԕӓϚ? Ӓ Ӓ̚ ͕ Ӗ?
4. ԕ ۔ӕ˜, ӕۜ ӷ˕Ҹ җ˒ڸ Ғ Ӗ.
5. ԕӒ ԕӓϚ, ӕ ӓ ڸ ԕ̚ ӕ, ˜.
6. ԕ, ەӒ̸ > ڕ·>, ӷ ڸ ¯ڸ > ԕӓϚ. ەӒ̸ ڸ > ԕӓϚ.
7. ԕ ӗ җ > Ӗ ԕӓϚ.
8. ԕҸ Ӕ Ӗ ӷ ҷӕ > >̚ ԕӒ:
- ۔ӕ>?
- ˕ ۔ӕ?
- ԕ?
- ԕӖە ڷӕ ԕӒ?
- ԕӖە ҷӕ >̚ ԕӒ?
- >, ڒ > ҷӕ >̚ ԕӒ?
- θ̚ ӷ ˕Ӓ> θӒ ԕӓϚ?
- ԕӒ> Ӗ?
9. ӷ۔ ӷӔϚ ڕ.
10. ԕӓ.
11. ˕ ۗ θښ ԕӓϚ.
12. ӔӒ ڗ > ڔθ̚ Μ > , ӕ ԕ.
13. θ ӕ˜ θ ԕӓϚ > ˕Ӓ> ۜ ԕӓϚ.
·̚ ӷ>.
ԕ 1. - θ, ԕ Ӓ.
ڸ . > ·> ...
ڸ ۗ
1. ˯ ͕ږ Ғ Ϛ ̚> ӷӒθ̚ Ԛ, ӕ ۗ ԕ θ ϸ. ڸ, ӗ ¯ ү˕ڸ Ԛ.
2. ӷӒ ӷۗ> > ·> , Ԛ ԕӔ>, ӷ ԕӔ> ԕӗ?
3. ڸ -˷ ӷӒθ Ԛ, ڸ ۗۜ ӕ?
ڸ . > ۓ˞...
>ڸ - ۗ
1. ӔҸ Ғ ڒ ۓ ۗ . Ȕ Ҟڸ ˗ ԕ˗, ӕ ۓ ̚ Ԛ Ҹ Ӓ Ғ ӷӒ>; ҕ ԕӗθ̚ Ӕ ӷۗ>. ˗> Ӕ , ԕӗ ?
2. ̚ Ϛ. ԕӔθ Ӕ , ӷ ԕӔ Ϛ θ̚ ۗ ? > Ӕ?
ԕ 2. > ۗ.
ԕ >.<p>
ϸ> Ӓ Ӕ˒ , Ҹ , ӕ ڕڸ . , ӕ> Ҝ ۞˜, ӗ , ҙ ̸ ϸ ӓ, ӷ ԕڸ ӞӔ. θ̚ ӞӔ ۗ ˞ ·, ˞ ӷθ̚ ˓. ү ӷӒ> >>> , ӓ ̚ . ˕ > ڸ . Ӓ , 7 13 . Ӕ ӓ ڸ> ڸ , ˞ > ۯ ۯ. ۯ ۯ ԕ ˒ ۗ Ӓ̚ ԕ>>, Ӓ , ̸͕>. > ʷ ̯ ԕ ԕӓ ӷۗ˜ ۞ ۗ; >> ԕӓ ԕӞӔ> , ҕ ڒ.
1. ӕ ˷ >θ̚ , ӗ > ӷۗ> Ӓ ۞ ۗ? ڕ˖, ˓̚ ӓ Ӓ>ڸ ˜? ˗ Ӓ> >>> ˷ ̚ ?
2. ӕ ۔ ԕ>ڒӒڸ ӷۗ˜ Ӓ, ӓڸ?
ӷ > ̚ .
θ- ˷ ӔӔ> ӷ.
Ӓ ەӒ> - ͖, ˔, , ӓ,
Ϛ, ̖, ӷӒ>, ͒Ϛ, , Ȕ, ڗښ, ӷʔ ԕӗ̚ ˓, .
ԕ - ۗ ۔ӕ ӷʔ, ڕ, , , ԕӖ ¯> ԕӷ , ˓, ӕӗ̚ Ӕ, ԕӖ ԕ> Μ Ӓ.
ԕӷ Ӓ - ˓, ԕ>, ˓, ԕ˗ >>, ۯڕ.
ԕ˒ > - ӷ Ԛ, Ӓ , ˓, ԕ Μ Ӓ, ӕӗ̚ Ӕ, ˓, ԕ˗ >>.
ԕ ԕӕӒ - ˔, ͖, ·ښ, ӓ, Ϛ, ͒Ϛ, , ԕ>Ϛ , ӷ Ԛ, ˓, ԕ Μ Ӓ, ˓.
Ӓ - ˔, ڕ, , Ȕ, ӷ Ԛ, , Ӓ, ԕ˗ >>.
˗̚ ӷ ԕӒ> >.
̔˒˔θ̚.
ۯڕ
Ә Ը
ӗ ӷۗ
(, ۗ·Ӓ)
˕Ӓ̚ ԕښ
̚ ە
ԕ
·θ Ԛ
(ӷ ˔>)
(ӷ ԕӒ ڗӒ)
ڔθ̚ ۗ
ԕ >̚
ڕ>
θ Ԛ
͖
̖
ӕϚ (ӷʔ ӕӒ̚ ۗ Ԛ)
ӷۗ ( ӕ)
> ӗ Ԛ ( Ԛ ӷ˒ڸ ڒ )
˒ ӷۗ (Ӓθ ԕښ, Ӗ ˕Ӓӓ ԕ >)
ڒ
Ӓ ӷڒ ԕ
ڕӓ ۗ
ԕښ, ԕ̚ ¯ ԕӷ ӓ ӷڒ
Ԛ ۗ·̚ Ӓ.
̚: ښ, ۗ·, ښ, . .
۔: , ۔, ښ.
θ̚: Ȕ, ˗ ӷ>.
>̚: ۗ·̚ ӷ>, ˓, Ը, ˓.
: ڕ, Ӕ.
(Ӕ ڕ ʔ˞ ˖˒/ʷ > ڒ)
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