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Last Updated: Wednesday, May 3, 2000 17:05


ݢ ݂ ư

. ѶƂƂ

: ߧ΢݂ Ϸԩ ϒ Ƃƴ .

(Ƨ 񀂒 ݶ݂ ʮݒ/봓 Ƨ ݨ)

݂ ư Ӓ ƷƢ Ƨ () ƮƧԒ ƒ ݂ߨƢ ́Ƣ. ݒݴς΀ ݒݴ ηԨ ƴߓӒ Ƣƨ.

ƴƢ݂ ƷݒƢ Ϸԩ ϒ, ƷݒƢ ƒ, ΒƢ ƨ˴ ƒƧƢ ݀ Ƣ ߂ خݒςΨ Ȁݨ. ݰƒ خݒς Ȁ ݀ ߢȀ ƷƢ ̴Ƣ, خ΢݀ ݷԨ ݒ ؀ƧȮ ƒΩ, ΒƢƩ ƨ˧Ω Ƨ. Ƣƀ ƴƢ݂ Ȁ Ɓ݀ ƒƷ ƴς ư ƧƢ ư؀݀ ݂ Ȁƨ , ƒƀ Ɓ΢݀ Ȁ ݣƒƀ ߧ .

ݒƷƀ ưݢ ݂ ư ư Ʒݒ Ƨ݂ ݂ƣ Ȁ Ɓ΢݀ Ȁƣ Ԃ ƒ΀ Ʃ . 駂݁, ˮƁƀ ƴƢ݂ ݂ƣ Ȁ ΀ ƷƮ: Ƃ-

* ݁ ƷƢƀ ݂Ȁ ݁ خݒςΨ ̴ݨ ݷ ݁ ƒ, Ʒ, , , ƴӧ ´.

* ݀ ݒƂΩ ư ( ) 5-10 ݢ Ʃ

* ƨ ưƴƣ ݷݧ, ݁ƨ, ƣ݂Ȯ ưʮ, ƶ ƒˀ ݂ƣ Ƨ ưȀ ƴ ƒ (C/N) Ʒݒ ݷ.

݂ Ʒݒ ηƁƨ ߂ ƒˀ Ƨ/ƒ (C/N), Ԓ ưʮ ƣ ƒ ݷݧ, ݁ ƒ ݴߓ ݷݧ ƷݒƢ ߁ƨ ߂ C/N. ƣ ƴߓӒ Ʒݒ ηƁ C/N. ư ݷ݀ ؀Ƨ Ʃ ưʮ, ηˮ ݷ ƣ ƴ ƣ ƒ . Ʃ ݴ ΢݂ ƒ ƶ ƷݢԒ , ƶ Ϸ Ƃ.

ݴςƀ ƒˀ Ƨ ƒ ƷݢԀ 10:1. ݂ Ʒݒ ηƁ ƒˀ /N, Ɣ (80:1). ƢԂ ƴƨ (75:1) ƴ ưݢ ƒƣ ư, ư ߰ݒ ʮ ƒ, ϒ Ʒݶ Ʒ ݮƧ ݂ ƷݒƢ Ʃ. ַ Ʒݒ ݒ ݷ Ʒ, ưݢ Ʃ, ư Ʒ ݧ. ߴƶˮ ݢ (20:1), Ω (20:1) ݂ݴʮƂ΀ ƒƧ (10-12:1) ƣ Β , ϒ ݶݒ ƴρ , ƣ Ԓ ƶ ߰ݒ ʮ ƒ.

鷒ݒ Ϸԩ ϒ, ƒƨ. ƣ ߮ ߨƶƷ ݣ߂ Ƨ, ưߓ ߰ΒƁ ƒ ư ݴςƣ ƒ . ƒ ƶ ݒϷ ưςƩ , Ɓ ߧ ݂ خݒςΨ ̴ƨ ݷ. 駂݁ ݴʮ خ΢݂ ƒ ƣ Ƣݧݒ. ηƁƀ Ƨ݂ ƒ ݷς Ʒݒ ưƧƷ ݧ݂ ƶ ߢݒ ݣ߂ Ƨ. ƣ ̒ Ʒݒ ƷԒ Ӓ η ߴݣݒϷ, ƒ Ƨ݀ ʮ (.. Ȁ ݨƂ ݒ). ƒ ݒ (NO3- ) ݁ ƒ ư, ƴߓ ݢς , ƶ ȀݒϷ ݷԒ Ƣ΀ Ƨ. ݷς΀ Ʒݒ ƴ ƴƢݒϷ ݁, ư ݣ߂ ƒƨ Ƣ Ƨ.

ƴ ݷ ݷς ƷݒƢ ݂Ԁ Ƣ‚Ʒ Ɓƴ ƴƢ݂ Ƨ ƂʮƂƩ ϒʮ. 뮷 ƂʮƂƩ ϒʮ Ϯ Ʃ, ߰Β ϒʮ ݁Ʃ, ݁ , ߢƴԀ ƮߢƧ Ʒݧ Ԩ Ʒݒݨ ΧȀ ƶ, ϒʮ - ƴρ ưƧ Ʒݧ.

݁ Ƃʮ ݂ƣ ݒݴ ΀ Ȁ. ߢ ݷς΀ Ʒݒ , ƨƣ݀ Ƨݒ Ƣ ݂ƣ Ȁ . Ʒư ߢ ݁. ݁ƨʀƢ Ƣ. 낮݀ ߮ , ߢ݂ Ƨ. ƴƢ݂ ® ʮƢ ϰ ԁݨ ϒʮ ݴ ݶΨ ƨ ݣ. ƒ Ƨƣ Ɓ݀, ƣ ݷς΀ Ʒݒ Ɓ΢Ӓ ƴ˓ ݷ . 낮 ݒݒ ˀ شƒ ݁ ԢӒ Ȁƨ, ƣ ϒʮ Ԁ .

ȀӒ ƒݒς΀ Ƃ Ƨ ƂʮƂƩ ϒʮ: ߨƶƷ Ԣ ݷƨ, ݰƴ݂ ԁƢ ( Դ ʮ) ƴ Ɓ ƴƧ Ƣ‚Ʒ شӷ Ʒ Ʒ ݢςƣ Ƃ݁ -, ƴƢݒ ƴ ƣƀ Ʒƀ ưƢ݂.

ݷς΀ ư (Ƨݧ)

ݷς΀ ư ȮӒ ƷԒ ݁ƣ Ʒ (ư ʢ) ƣ ư ư؀ ˓ ƶݩƷ ϒ. ݷς΀ ư ư؀Ӓ ߨƶƷ ηƣ ƒ خݒς Ȁ , ưݧȀ ƢˀƩ ݁Ʒ. ݷς΀ ư ݁ ƷݰӒ ԁƢ, Ӓ ߮ ݂Ӓ خݒς΀ Ȁ ƒ Ȁ݂, Ƃ ݴߓӒ Ƨ ηƣ ƣȀ. ݷς ư ݁, Ƨ ԢԀ ƣ݂ςΨ ݁ƨ Ʒ ݷ, ߁ ߨ Ʒݢ ߨ ƒƷ, ȀƷ, ƴƷ, ưݢ ؀ʮƢ Ԣ Ɓ Զ ݴƢ .. ߂ς ݷ Ƨ Ԁ ݷςΨ ư . Ŵ߁ ƨ ԢԀ "Ƨݧ", ƒ ηݶ݀ ƴΨ ϒݨ, ư ߮ ߮ ݂ ƒ ƒ خݒς Ȁ Ȁ݂. ƂԒ Ӓ Ƨ, ƣ "Ƨݧ" Ԁ , ư ƶݩƷ.

ݷςΨ ư ƣ ߀Ƣ΀, ߴ΀ ưƢ΀ ϒ, ط, Ƨƴ ݢ, ƧƧȮ ݂ ƴ Ƣ. ط (Brassica napus) ƒ ƴߓ ݷςƣ ư, ƴ ̒ƣ Ƨ, Ƣ, Ʒ ݶݒ ϒ brassica, .. ݷƷ ݰƴ݂. ưƢ΀ ƴߓӒ ݷ, .. Ƃ Ӓ ݂ ݒƷΩ ƒ, ƒΩ ߢ݀ ƴƢ݂ ݷς ư.

݁ ưƨ, ݷς ư:

Ȯ݀ Ƣ‚Ʒ ƒ ߮ Ƨ Ƨ, ߨƶƷ ƂƢ ƷݧƢ, ϒʮƂ ƷưƷ, ƷưƷ ݒ Ƨ ưȀ ΀ ƨ, ݁ Ƣ‚Ʒ ݶƷ

ư؀݀ خ݂ ݂ߨƢ

Ɓ݀ ΢ ݩ ݨ ؀ݒ Ʃ Ƣ‚Ʒ

݀ ߨƶƷ ưƢ݂ Ʃ Ƣ‚Ʒ , ݴߓ ƶ ݷ݂ ݷ 鰀؀݀ ݷȮ ݷ ƴˮ ƴƨ ưƧ خݒς ̴Ƣ, ƣ ݁ ߴݣӒ ݂ Ʒݒ

ˀ ư؀݀ Ʒƨ ̴ݨ ˮƁƨ Ƃ , ʮ Ʒư ݁

݀ ưȓ شƒƷ

Ʒݢ ݂ƣ Ȁ, ؀ݒ ݶƷ ƁȀ Ӓ ؀ ưƴƣƣ ݷݧ (ݴʮ) Ȁ خݒς΀ ݷ ̴.

宂ݴʮ

宂ݴʮ - ̒ ưƴƣƀ Ȁ ̴Ƣ ݂Ʃ ݂ . ݒΩ ʀ ΢݀ ưʮ, .. Ȁ ݴςƣ ̴ ƀ ƣ݂ƣ ݂ƀ. 宂ݴʮ - ̒ ƷƢƩ ؓ ؀Ƨ ݂ƣ ƒ ݂ ƷݒƢ , Ʒ؂ ƒ ݷԨ. 10 50 % ƶ Β ƒԂ ݒƷƣ N2, ƁƢ ƒ, ʮ, Ȁ݂ ݒƢ (NO3), Ɓ ߮, Ʒ݂ ݨƂ NH4+ ݷݨ .

鷒ݒ Ϸԩ ϒ.

ַ ưݢ Ʒݒ Ϸԩ ϒ, ƒ ̴ ƣ ݴƢݒϷ ݒ خ݂ ݷ, ƒ ƶ ưƢݒϷ ( ߴƶ) ݒ ƒԂΨ ݷ. 駂݁, ʮ ݁ ԢԀ Ʃ ƒ ƒ Ʃ.

ݢ ݢԒ ƒ ƷưƷ Ȯ݀Ʃ ϒ ƒƷ. Ƣπ ݢ- ƒ 10 80 . ȂΨ ϒݨ Ʒݒ 10-40 \, ݴΨ ߀ƢΨ ƒ 0 16 \ ( ݢƷ ƒ خ΢݂)

(Ƨ 񀂒 ݶ݂ ʮݒ/봓 Ƨ ݨ)

ݢ

ݢ ư؀݀ ݂ Ȁƨ ˮƁ ݰƨ خݒς Ȁ. ƒ ηƁ ݒݒ .

ƴƢ݂ ݢ ݀ ƧƷ ݂Ʒ , ƒݶ݀ ƶݩƷ. 駂݁, ƴƢ݂ ݢ ƶ ߢݒ ư΀ Ԣ, ݁ ݁ ݂ Ԃ ԁƢ (Ʒư ƴƢ݂ Ƨ) , Ƣ, Ȁ݂ ƒ Ƣ Ƨ.

ƴˮ ƴ ԩƣ ݢ ƣ Β ߢȀ ߀. ݶ΀ 11000 ƣ ƨ˂ ƒ Ƨ 44 Ƃ ݢ. ư ؒ߮Ƣݒ ƴƢ݂ ԩƣ ݢ ưƧ ݰƒݒ ݢς΀ Ƨ ߨȀ ݂.

ߨȀ ݂

뮷 ƴƢ݂ ƒƧƢ ݢ ݶΩ ݁ ߢƴԀ ƣƧ -ݷς΀ Ƣ. ߰ݷ΢ݒ ݢ ߴƩ ߀, ư ߰ݒ ηƣ Ɓ, ݁ ݣ߂ Ƣ‚Ʒ Ƨ Ʒݒݨ ݒݨ.

뮒 ߨȀ ƒƧƢ ߂ ݢ. ƶ : Ԩ, Ɓς ݂ݢ, ݣ ߀ԂƩ ƴ.

- ̒ Ƣƴς Ɓ ΀, Ƨ݀ ߰ݴ΢݂ ƒƨ, ݂ư.

遮ς ݂ݢ ƶ ӰƩ ߨ , ƶ ݂Ϸ ݢ ƨ .

ݣ - ̒ ưˮΩ ƴ, ƧȮ ƴˀ Ƨ, Ԩ Ɓς ݂ݢ.

ဨԂƩ ƴ - ̒ Ȁ Ƨ ݂ ƣ Ȁ ĴԷ. ƂӒ Ԓ ߁ƣ ƴ, ư ߰ݒ ݣ߂ Ƣ Ƣ‚Ʒ Ƨ, ̒ƨ ư؀ ƴƷƀ ݂ ݢ ߮ Ƣ Ƃ˂.

ݶΩ ΰ݂ ƧƢ ݂ ݢ ƒݶ݀ Ƨ݂ ƴ߂ ƨƂƢ Ȁƀ ߂, ƣ ݢ ƴߓ ݁ ư.

ݢ ƶ Ʒ ߴΨ Ʒưݨ. 駂 ƷưƢ ԢԀ ߰ݷ΢݂ ƒƧƢ. Ƨ ݁Ӓ ݁ Ƨ ݢ Ʒ , ߰ߣ݂ Ƣ‚Ʒ, ʮƂ . ݒςΨ Ƃݨ ʮƂƣ Ƨ ԢԀ Ʃ ƒ خݒς Ȁ. ش ݰ ش ƨƶ Ƣ ϒʮ ư Ƨ , ̒ƨ شƒ .

ƨƷƢ݂ ƒƧƢ ƴˮ ư΀ ƴˮ ݂ư΀ ԢԀ ݴϒݒƩ ݂ ݢ Ʃ Ʃ . ݁ ƶ Ʒ ݒƢ݂Ω ݢ. ƨƷΩ ݒƢ݂Ω ݢ ԢԀ ؓΨ ݒݴƨ ƣ ݂ƣ , ƒƀ ƶ Ƨݢݒ, ԩ ߰ΒƁ, Ȯ ư΀ .

Ʒݢ

Ʒݢ ݢ ΢݀ ߂Ψ, .. ̒ ƶ Β ݂ ݴ, , خȀ ƒƧƢ .., ˀˮ ߴ ưݰƒ. ݰʀ 1 Ɓ݂ Ƨ݂ خݒς Ȁ ߂ Ƣ ݢ ߂ Ʒư ߨȀ ݂.

瀁ƒ΀ ƴ خݒς Ȁ, ƒԀ΀ ƨ ƧԒ ́. ʀƨ ƒ, Ԓ Ʒ Ԓ Ԓ ݴ, ؀΀ Ƣ ƧԒ ݢ. ݁ ưƨ, ƒΩ ݢ ԢԀ ʀΨ ƨ ؀ خݒς ̴Ƣ. Ƨ݂ ̴Ƣ ݢ ݰʀ 2.

Ȁ Ƣˀƣ Ƨ݂ خݒς Ȁ ƨ ݢ߀ Ԁ Ƃ ηƣ Ʒش ƴ߂ ƨƂƢ Ʃ. 瓶 ݒς , ư ߨȀ ݂ ݢ ݷ Ƨݴݷ ƴˮ ƒԨ.

ƒ

Ѵ ƣ ư ݂ ݨ݁ ƨ Χ ƨ ƴƢ݂ ԩ, ݣ݀ ƴρ ݂Ƣ. 瓶 ư ݢ Ʒخ ߓ Ʒ ߰ݷ΢݂, ư ߰ݒ ݨ݁. ǂ ݢ ƴ ƷȀԒϷ ݁, ư ư؀ ηƀ ƣȀ ưƧ خݒς ƨƂƢ. ƨƷƢ݂, ƴς ݒݴƢ, ƒ΀ ƣӒ ݨ݁ Ʒ, ƴς΀ ®ݒ ݰʮ ݨ݁ Ʒƨ - ̒ ݂ ϰ ƒԨ ƒ

Ƿ Ʒ ƣ ݁ ƒ δ , ݀ ߴƶ. ˮƁƨ ݢ ƣ ς ݀ Ƃʀʮ ݒƢ. ߓϒݒ Ƣˀ Ƨ݂ N3- ƶ Ɓݒ ݣԒƀ Ԃ Ƣ΀ Ƨ. ηƁƀ Ƨ݂ NO3- ƶ Β ƁΨ ƒ Ƣ, خȮ· Ƨݨ, ȀΨ ̒Ʃ . ƣ ؀ ݢƨ, ʮ ԢԀ Ψ ݂ߨƨ, ݂Ȯ Ȯ ݷƷ Ȁ݂ Ƃ N3- Ʃ Ƃ. ݣԒΩ ݁ ݣ߂ Ƣ Ƨ Ƃƨ N3- ݂ ݢ ؀ Ʒƨ. ƴ Β ˀ, ݢ Ʒ Ƨ. Ƃ ݢ ƶ ƴƢݒ ʮ, Ƣ. 颀 Ʃ ݢ ư ˀ Ƨ݂ ƒ, ̒ƨ ˀ. ߴƶˮ ݢ ƶ ƒԒ ˮ ʮ ݁ ƴƢ݂ ߴƶˀƷ ݢ ηݷȮ ϒ, - ݷȮ. 뢀 ݢ ݣƀ ߧ شƧ, Ʒư Ƣ, ƒ ݀ ݷ ư߂. ߴƶˮ ݢ ݀ ƷưƷ ؀݂ ݒ خݒς΀ Ȁ Ƨ. Ω ݢ ߧ ƴ ƂʀƢ݂Ω ƒ݀ ƒ. ݷƷ ݣ߂ Ω ƨ ߧ ˀ, . ƢςƩ Ʃ ƶ Β 4 \, ƴ 10 \ Ƃƴ ƷԂ Ƣ Ƨ.

ƴƷƀ ߧ.

ַ Ԓ ݢ Ʒݒƨ ƴ ƴρ , ƶ Ϸ Ƨ݂ ݂ƣ Ƨ ƒ . 좀Ϸ Ʒ ˮϷ شƒƷ, Ϸ ƴ ƒ, Ƨ݀ƣ ݴʮ, Ϸ ưƴƣ ݁Ʒ. Ƨ݂ ƴ ݢ߀, Ʒư ݢ߀ ؀ʮݴς ƒƣ ƒ ƶ ̴ƢƧƷ . ƴρ ƒ ƧƩ ԒƩ ƴƢ خݒς Ȁ ߢ݀ ؀Ψ ƶ݀. ƴ ݷ Ʒݢˮ· ݂Ԁ ƀ, Ƨ ƨ ߴƶ. ݢ΀ ̒ ̴ ηưƶӒ , ư 2-4% Ƨ. 倧 ߴݣȮ ƀ ݢ߀ Ɓ΢ݒ ƧƴςΩ ̔ ƴρ Ʒ Ƨƣ .

݂ݴʮƂΩ ˴ݨ

݂ݴʮƂΩ ˴ݨ - ̒ ưΩ Ƨ ԒςƷ ΒƢ ƨ˧ Ƨς . Ƨݒ ƷƢ΀ ΀ ݷ ƧƩ ݷ΀ ݒݴ, ݴ΀ ݂ݴʮ ؓ ƒ݂, ߮ƣ ®ƣ Ʒݶ ݁ݴςƩ ؀ݰƒ. ԒςƷ ƒȀ ݣ߂ Ƣ‚Ʒ Ƨ Ψ ƷưƢݴ ƴƢ݂ Ƨ ƧƢ ݂ݴʮ Ϸƨ ԩ. Ƨ ƧƩ ݂ݴʮ ƣ Β ƴƢ݂ ˀ ư Ϸԩ ϒ. 宂ݴʮ ƒ ƨ ƨ ˴ݨ ƮƧ ƒƷς ݢ ƒƧݨ. Ω Ω ˴ݨ ߂ư߂Ω Ʒݢ. ƶݩƷ ݷ ̒ ƒƧƢ ݁ , ݁ Ʒ ®ƣ ư 5-5-0. ƶ Ƨ ̴ Զ΀ ݴ. ƴςƀ ƴƢ݂ ݢ ® ư ưƧ ư؀ ݴ݂ خݒς Ȁ, ݣԒȮ ƶݩƷ ϒ. ƷưƷ ƣݒ ݒƂ Զ ݴƢ ƴ, Ȯ ؓ΀ , ԢԀ Ƨ ݨ π߂ Ƣ ƴƢ݂ ƨ˧ ƒƧƢ, ƴƢ݂ ΒƢ ƒƧƢ ̒ ݷƷ ߧ ˀ. ݂ݴʮƂΩ ˴ݨ ߴݣ݀ ߧ , ݷς΀ Ʒݒ ݢ ƒ. ƣ Ԁ ˴ݨ, ߂ςƀ ƴ ƒ ƶ Ϸ, 3 Ʒƨ ʮ, ʮ ˀ, ݒݴ δ ˁƨ ݶΨ.

݂ݴʮƂΩ ˴ݨ, ݢςƨ ƧƧ, ݣƒƀ ݂ƀ ư. ݨ Ƣ Զ΀ ݴ ƣ, ݁ ƴƢݒ ߀, ߂Ʃ ƷݧƁ ϒ, Ȯ خȓ Ƣ ƒΨ.

ֶƧƀ ݂ݴʮƂƣ ˴ݨ ƴˮ ƴ ƶ Ƨ݂ ݂ƣ Ȁ ƒ . ƒݶ݀ ƴˀ ݷ ƶ ݂ ƀ, ƒ΀ ߴݣӒ, ݁ ݴ ݂ƣ Ȁ ݂ ƒ , Ʒ ƀ , ƒ΀ ƣ Β ƣƁݒ ƴƢ݂ Ϸԩ ʀ.

ưƧ Ƨ ˴ݨ ؀®ݒ ƒ ݷ Ʒݢ Ƣ‚Ʒ.

ˮ ˀ ư ƴƢ݂ ƨ˧ ƒƧƢ ݂ݴʮ Ϸƨ ԩ ԢӒ ƷԂ΀ Ƣ Ʒݢ Զ΀ ݴ ݂ ƒ ݁ش ݷ ƴ. . ư ݂ ƒ ƣ Ɓ

(Ƨ 񀂒 ݶ݂ ʮݒ/봓 Ƨ ݨ)



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