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Ω Extension Agent.


Ω Extension Agent.

(Ƨ 񀂒 ݶ݂ ʮݒ/봓 ߢ )

Extension Agent. - ؀ʮݴ Ʃ ϷԩƩ ݓ ݁ ƨʮԨ Ƣ; Ƃϒ݂, ƨƣȮ ݨ ߢݒ ƀ . ƷƢΩ ؀Ƨ extension - ݷˮ, ݷƷ݂

ƢݒςΩ ʀ ́˂

ʀ ݷƷ݂ ưƢ݂ ߂݀ ݰƒ ӧϨ ʀ ƨ ư ߂݂ ݁, ˮ Ʈ ư Ƣη Ʃ Ƣ ߂. ݰƒ ݨ, ƨݰςƷ, ݮƧƢݒ ƒݒ ӧϨ. ݰƒ ́˂ ݴς ԀΨ ưƢݒςΨ ʮݨ, Ƣ݂Ψ ƷƢ ʮݴςƩ ƢƩ ݓ; ƣݨ ́˂ ưݧӒ ƒςΨ ݨ ӰƩ ưƢݒςƩ ƣݨ - ش݂Ƣ݂ ƣݨ, ݰƒ ưƢ݂, ʀ Ʒݢ ӧ ƣݨ.

ƷƢ ʮƢ ưƢݒςƣ ʀ.

ʀ ́˂ (ݷƷ݂ ưƢ݂) ߂݀ ݰƒ ӧϨ, . ˂ ƒƷ ʀݨ, ƒ΀ ƨƣӒ ӧԨ ݒ ݨƷԒςΨ ƒΨ, ݢΨ ƒ ӧ. ̒ƨ ʀ ʮ ʀ ̔, Ƣ ݂Ƣ ʀݴςΨ ؀Ƃݶ ݨ. ˂ - ̒ ƨ ӧԨ ؓ ư , ʮ Ƣ ߂݂ ƢݒϷƩ ʮ ݁ ưƨ, ư ̒ ߂݂ ݰƒݴ ݨ . ˂ ߂݀ Ƣ ߓϒݒƢ ݓ Ƣ݂ , ƶ ˀ ư, ƒΨ Ƨ ݴݒϷ. ݁ ưƨ ́˂ - ̒ ݮƷ݂Ω ʀ ߢ ƣݨ, ݢ ˀ ư. ́˂ ԢԀ Ʒ݂΀ ߨ Ƣ ʮ, ƒ΀ ݁ - ݨ ؀ݴ ƢԒ Ƣ݂ ݷȀ .

ưƢݒςƣ ʀ ́˂.

ƢݒςΩ ʀ ́˂ ƷƮ 4 ƷݢȮ ̴Ƣ. ƒƷԒ:

1) (),

2) ݰƒ ́˂,

3) η ưƢݒςƩ ƣݨ,

4) Ƨ݂ ش݂ ƣݨ.

ƷݢȮ ݢӒ ưƩ ΀ ̴ ݴƢ݂Ʃ ưƢݒςƩ ƣݨ Ʒ ӧ.

. ƣ Β ݢ ݨ, ݨ, Ԩ, ݢԨ ƨ݂ ƴˮ ƨشΨ ݨ, ݁, , Ʒ, ݰƒ ƧƩ ƒݷ ƧƩ ݂ʮ. ݁ Ƣ Ӓ ش݂Ƣ݂ ƴ ưƢݒςƩ ƣݨ ́˂. , ݷ, ƴ, Ƣ ưƢ݂, ư, , ʀƷ΀ , ƒʮ, - ̒ ݶ ΢ݒ Ʒݢ ƣݨ.

Ʒݢ ƣݨ ݰƒ ́˂ ưƧ ݒ ݂, ƒƷ Ƣ Ƃ () ƒ ƴ ƒ ưƢݒςƩ ƣݨ; ݁ƨ Ƃ ƒ ƴ; ݁ ʀ ݒςΩ ߓϒݒ ƣݨ. ԢԀ ݁Ψ ݷƨ ʀ, ݷΨ ƴݒ ʮ. Ʒƴρ Ԁ Ʒݢ ƣݨ, ݰƒ ́˂ ݒ ̒ ݰƒ ̒Ʃ ƣݨ. Ʒݢ ƣݨ ƴˮ , ݂ʮ Ʒ Ʒݢ ƣݨ Ӓ ݢ ̒ . ƢݒςΩ ʀ ́˂ ݢ , ư Ʈ˴ ΀ ߨ; ݁ ưƨ ư ƒƷ Ƣ ݂ƢԒ ừݨ ؀Ʒ؀Ʃ ݶƷ.

ݷ Ƣ ʀ ݰƒ ƣݨ ݨ ԢԀ ݶΨ ƨ ƒʮ . ݁ ݢ ƒƷԒ ƣݨݨ, ݰƒ ƒ Ƃ ݴ ݁ƀ ݷ, ݁ Ʈ ưΨ. ưƧ ݂ݢݒ ưݒ ݨ ƣ, ư ߨƶƷ ݁ʀƢݒ Ƣ ݒς ߨ , ưƒ, Ƣݒ Ƣ, Ƃ Ƨ ݒςΨ ߨԨ. , ԢԷ ƷΨ ӧϨ ݁Ȯ ݨ, ݢӒ ưƩ ݶ΀ ʮ. ݁ ƷݢԒ ߨƶƷ ́؀Ƣݒ, ƴ ʮ ư΀ ݢ΁ ߴ ʮ ʀ ߓϒݒ ̒ƣ.

ƴˮ Ʒ Ƣ Ӓ Ʒݒ ʮ ƨ ƴρ, ƴ Ƨƣ, ݂Ƣ . ƴ ̔Ψ ݢӒ ƧƧ, ƒ ؀ݢ݀ ʮ ݰƒ ߴ ݂Ƣ .

ݷ ƣݨ ́˂ ԢԀ ƨ ưƢƴςΨ ƶ Ɓ Ӱƀ . ɴݢƩ ݧ ́˂ ݂Ƣ ƨ ݨ Ʒخ݂ ݨ ƒƷ ƀ ư. 駂 ƷưƢ ƶ Β ˀ ݢƷ ( ƣ ݢƷ ƒ Ƨݢݒ), ݢ ƨʮ ưƢݒςƨ ʀ.

ݣ݀΀ ƣݨ ƴ Β ݧݒ ߨƶƷԨ ƷưƷԨ ݒ ư. ƣݨ Ԓ ƨ ΧȀ ưƢݒςƣ Β ݷ݂ , ư ƨ ηƮ , Ƃ ƴ ߴ , ؀Ʈ Ʃ Β ƒ ƢƩ ʮ.

ݰƒ ́˂. ɴݢΨ ̴ƨ ưƢݒςƨ ʀ ́˂ ԢԀ Ƨݢݒ. ƨ Ƣ ݰƒƨ ́˂ ƶ ݒ ƴρ Ƣ, ƴˮ ƔƂݴςƀ ϷԩƩ ưƢ݂, ؀ ˀ ؀ ݁ݴݢ. Ʒ ݁ ݴ Ƨ ݰƒ ́˂ ݶ ƨ Ƣ ؀ʮݴ ؀ ؀ ݣ. Ƣ ˒ݒ ؀ʮݴƨ ́˂ ƶ ݒ ƴρ ؀ʮݴ ƁƩ ؀. ݧʮƂ ư ݰƒ ́˂ ƢƧ ݷخ݂ Ƨƨ ݁ϒƢ Ϸԩƣ ηˀ ƣ ݢ ́Ƃƨƨ ݁ϒ. ݢ ݰƒ ́˂ ݴ ݁ ؓ طƴƣ, ʮƴƣ, ƴƴƣ ݁ϒƢ.

Ʒƴρ ƨ ؀ ӰƩ ưƢݒςƩ ƣݨ ԢԀ Ƣ Ƨݢݒ, ݰƒ ́˂, Ȯ Ȯ ưƢݒς ƣݨ, ư ݰƒ݀ ƷƩ Ʒ ƒ , ݩ , Ʃ Ʒ. Ƨݢݒ ́˂ ƨ Ƣ, (ư ΢Ӓ ƁƩ ݣ ́˂), ƴ݀ ƨ Ƃϒʮ Ʒݢ ưƢݒςƩ ƣݨ ƒ ؀ʮݴ ́˂ Ƣ ˒ݒ. Ƣ ˒ݒ ݰƒ ́˂ ؀ʮݴ߮ ƨ ݨ ̒ƣ ݰ݀ Ɓƣ ݣ ʮ Ʒ Ʒ ݓ, Ƣ݂ ́؀ Ʃ ‚Ʃ ‚ƴƣƩ ʮ. Ѵ ƣ, ư Β Ʒ ưΒ ưݷ ϷԩƩ ݓ ݰƒ ́˂ ưƧ ݒ ݷ ؀Ƨ Ƣˀ ݴʮ ƷԂ ưƢԒ Ʈ ߂݂.

뮴 ́˂ ݁݀ ݢΨ ưƨ ƨ, ݰƒ ́˂ ƣ Ƣ ˀ ؀ʮݴ߮Ƣ݂ƀ ưƢ݂. 駂݁, ƒΨ ƔƂݴς ƧƒƢΨ ݰƒݨ ¢ݒ݀ ߂݂ ưݷ ʮƴƣƩ ƢƩ ݓ, ݁ ؀ݣƣ ݢ΁Ƣ ߂݂, ƒ΀ ưƧ Ԓ Ʒݢ ӰƩ ưƢݒςƩ, ݁Ʃ, ƣݨ. ưƧ ƒ, ƷƢ ʀ ݂ƣ Ʒư ݁݀ ƨ, ư ƨ ݰƒݨ ́˂ ƴ ƴ ƀ ݢ ؀ݣƣƨ ʀ, ݁ ݁Ʃ Ƃ ưƢݒς ƣݨ ́˂. ݶ ݁ ƒ, ݰƒ ́˂ ƷݢԒ ƣݨ ƷƢ , ʮƢ Ƃʀʮ ưݷ ؀ݣƣ, ʮƴƣ ƢƩ ݓ ؀ݰݒ΢ݒ ̒ , ʮ Ƃʀʮ ݁ Ƨ΀ ƣݨ. ݮƴ ̔ ݰƒȮ Ƨݢݒ ́˂ Ӓ ʀ ưƢݒςƩ ƣݨ ́˂ ݁ - Ʈ Ƣ.

خ΢ 1980 Ƨ ݁ Ƨݢݒ, ݰƒȀ ƷΨ Ƃƨ, Ɓ Ƨ , Ȯ ݰƒ ́˂. ƒƷԒ: ش݂Ƣݒ ƣݨ; Ԓ ʀݒ ߓϒݒ ƣݨ; ƷưƷ ݒ ư΀ ʮ; ݣݒ ݴϒݒ΀ ˀ ư; Χݒ ݴς ƣݨ ݒϷ Ƣ; ƷưƷ ưȀ; ƷưƷ ƂƴƢݒ Ƃ΀ ʮ; Ԓ Ƣ ӧ; ݁Ʒ; ƷƷ ưƢƴςƨ Ԓ ; ݮƢݒ Ʈ .

œ 1985 Ƨ ƴ Ƨݢݒ Ʒƣ Ƃ ݁ ƨȂ ݒݴݒ ߨ. ݷݮ݀, ΀ ݁ Ƨݢݒ ؀ƂݴςΩ Ɓ΢Ӓ Ԃ ưƢݒςΩ ʀ. ƨ ƣ, Ƃ Ƨ݀ ưƧƷ ߮ςƩ ƂʀؒݴςƩ , ƒ ư؀ Ƨݢݒ ȓ ƴ ưƢݒςƨ ʀ. ݴ Ƃ ݁Ƣ΢݀ Ƨݢݒ Ʒƣ Ƃ ݁ Ƣ, Ȁ ݒ ˀ; Ȁ ش݂Ƣݒ; ݒ; ݣƷ ݒ ‚Ʃ ‚ƴƣƩ ʮ.

1970 Ƨ œ Χ , "́˂" ݁݀ Ƣ ưƢݒςƩ ʮ, ƷȀ ƒ ƒ Ϸԩ Ƣ ӧ, ݁ ݰƒȮ Ϸƨ ԩ, ߂݀, ̒ ʮ ƴ Β ƴ߂Ʃ, ݁Ʃ ƷƢ݂Ʃ ݓ ݰƒ. ƣݨ ƴ Β Ʒη ƒ Βƨ ƒƷԨ , ƒ ̒ ƣݨ ݢ.

(Ƨ 񀂒 ݶ݂ ʮݒ/봓 ߢ )

ʮ ưƢݒςƣ ʀ ́˂.

봀Ȯ ʮ ư؀Ӓ ʮƂݴςƀ ߢ ˂ Ӓ ʀ ش݂Ƣ݂ ƣݨ ́˂, ݰƒ , ݁ ʀ ʀ ߓϒݒƢ ̒ ƣݨ ݂ƢƩ ݧݒƷ.

1. ݰƒ ́˂ ƴ ưݧݒ ߂݂Ԩ Ʒ, ߢƴȮ ƒƷϷ ƀ ݰƒ ݁ .

2. ݰƒ ́˂ ƴ ƒݢݒ ƒ, ưƢݒς΀ ƣݨ ́˂ Ӓ ʀ ߨ ȀȮ Ƣ Ʒ ƀ ݴ.

3. Ѵ ƣ, ư ݨƨ ش݂Ƣݒ Ԓ ưƢݒς΀ ƣݨ, ݰƒ ́˂ ƴ ưݧݒ ƣ ƨ Ԓ ʀ ԀƩ ƣݨ ʀ Ʃ ݰƒ.

4. ݰƒ ́˂ ưƧ Ƃݒ ƷưƷ ʮݴς - ϒƩ , Ƣ ƒƩ Ƃ ݰݒ΢݀ Ԁ Ʈ ƣݨ.

5. ݰƒ ́˂ ưƧ ߂ݒ ʮ Ʒƀ ݮƒˀ Ʈ ݨ ƒݢݒ ƒ ߂ Ʒ Ԓ ˀ ʀ ߢ ƣݨ.

6. ݰƒ ́˂ ƴ ؀Ƨ η݂΀ ݨ Ʒη ƣݨ, ݰݒ΢ݒ ߢݒ ݒ .

7. ݰƒ ́˂ ʀݒ ؀ ̔Ʒ ƷݢƩ ƣݨ, ݢ ݁ ؀ Ԃ ݷƢ ƣݨ Ʒݢ ؀ ʀ.

ীʮƢ݂ Ƣ ؀ ӧ, ƒ ߢ݂ ưݒ ưƢݒς ƣݨ ́˂.

ݰƒ ́˂ ƶ ݂݀ƨ ƨ ƴƶ, Ƣ ݢԀ ưƩ ݴ߮Ƣ݂ ݂ʮ.

ƧƧƨ Ԣ ԢԀ ӧ, ƴߓȮ· ؓʮ ݮƴ Ԓς ݂Ʃ ؀. ݁Ʃ ƧƧ ˮƁƣ ߂݂ ݂Ʃ ؀, ʀ Ԓ ˀ ̒Ʃ ؀. ƨ ƣ, ƴƶ ݰƒ ́˂ ؀ Ƣ݂Ʒ ƴ ߢƴԒ ݒ ݢς΀ ΢Ƨ ƨ, ݂Ʃ ؀.

Ϯ ƧƧƨ ԢԀ ƧƧ, ƒƨ Ԁ Ƨ ƴρ Ƣ, Ȯ ʮخݴς΀ ˀ, ƒΨ ƢƧӒ Ʒݴς΀ . ̒ƨ Ƨߓ݀, ӧ, ƒ΀ Ӓ ݁ƣ Ƨ ˀ. 㮧, ʮƢ݂΀ ƨ π ƧƧ, Ɓ΢Ӓ ݁ƀ Ԃ ߂ ưȀ. Ăݴ ƴρ ˀ, ݀ ̒ ӧϨ, ߢƴ Ʒݒ ƴ ưƢݒςƩ ƣݨ.

󀒢Ψ ƧƧƨ ԢԀ ؀ ݷ ưȀ ʮݴςƩ ߂ ̒ƣ ưȀ. ƨ ̒ƣ ƧƧ ƶ ݩ Ƣ ƴӂ ݂ʮ ݂ƣ ưȀ, ƴρ ݢς ʀ ς ƴ Ƣ ݂ʮ ؀ ݷ ʮݴςƩ ߂. 㮧ݨ ԢӒ ӧ, ƒ΀ Ӓ ݮƴ ݁ƀ ݷ ʮݴςƩ ߂ ݂ƣ ưȀ.

ݒ Ʒ ݀ ߨ.<p>

퀨 Ԓ, ƧȮ ưƢݒς ƣݨ ƴ Β Ʒƀ ݁ ưƨ Ƣݒ ƨ ݁ƨ ԧ, ư Ƣݒ ߂ ݒ ; Ƣݒ Ƣ ߂݂ Ƣ, Ƣݒ ݮƢ݂Ʒ ʮ ƷưƢݒ ˀ ƷԒ ƣݨ ʀƨ ݨ, ݨ Ʃ.

ݷƒ ƴρ Ƣ ݒ, ƷưȮ Ԓ ưƢݒς ƣݨ.

- ģ ́˂ Ϸԩƣ ƒ ݰƒݴ ƣݨ Ƣˀ ƮߢƧςƷ . Ѵ ƣ, ư Ƣݒ ݷ Ƣ ̒Ʃ ƣݨ, Ƃ Ԣ ƴρ Ƣ, ưˮ· ؀ ƨ Ƣ ‚ƴƣ. ݂ ݣ ݁ݴ ƨ, ư ݒ ̒ ؀® Ψ Ƣ. ݷ Ƣ, ưˮ· ƴˮ ؀Ƣ, ݁ Ƣ, ؀® ƒ δ ߂ς ؀ʮݴς ߧ݂Ω ̒Ʃ ʀ ƨ. 󴀂 ƨ , ݁, , ʀ ݴς Ʒ ݁ Ƨ ư - ݮƴ ݣ݀Ʃ ƣݨ. Ƨ ݴ : ݷ΀ Ƃϒʮ ݣƨ ưƢƴςΨ ƨȂƨ; ش݂ƢݴƷ ƢƧ Ƣ΀ ݮƴ ʮ. ģ ́˂ ƨȂ ݁ ش݂Ƣݴ Ƨݒ ƷԂ΀ Ƃ݁ ݨ, ƢΨ ƣݨ. ݁ ưƨ Ƃ ƣ Β , Դ ݣ݀΀ ‚ƴƣ Ʃ ƷƢ ƴρ ؀ݨ, Ƣ ư. ƨ ̒ƣ ƨȂ δ ư ݂ݴ߮Ƣݒ ˀȮ Ƨ ‚ƴƣ, Ԁ΀ ݨ ƴƢݒ ƣ, ư ƨ ݨ ˀ ƂԒ η Ƣ ‚ƴƣ. ƣ, ݁ ΁ݴ ƢΨ ‚ƴƣԨ, ƨȂ ƨƣݴ ư ƶ Ȯ ݣ݀ ‚ƴƣ.

ƴݣ݀΀ ߓϒݒ.

ݰƒ ́˂ ƴ ݷ΢ݒ , ưƧƀ ƴ ݶƣ ƨƂ ƣݨ. Ԓ, ƒ ƴˀ , ݒ ƣݨ, ݷ݂ ƴ ƴ ؀Ƨ. Ԓ, ƴ ƒ ςƣ , ݒ ݒƷΩ ش݂ Ԓ.

ƨ ƣ, ݰƒ ́˂ ƴ ݴݶݒ ưݒ ưݒ ʮ ߓϒݒ ƣݨ, - ƣ, ư ݰƒݒ ش݂ Ȯ Ʒ Ʒݢ ؀ ƣݨƩ ʀ. ʀ ߓϒݒƢ ƣݨ ߢ ԢԀ Ƣ ƢˀƢ݂ ƣݨ, ưƧ ݂ʮƂ ߨ, ݁ Ƨ݂ ߀ ݷݨ ƣݨ. ʀ ߢ ƣݨ ݢԒ ƒ ݂Ƣ ʀ ƣݨ. 倒Ƨ ʀ, ݢ ݁ Ƨ ߨ ƣݨ ݢƷ ƒ ߓϒݒƢ ʀ, ưƧ ݰݒ΢ݒ ݶƩ ƣݨ ƒς. ƨ ̒ƣ, ưƧ ݒݒ ش݂ ƣݨ Ԓ, ݂΀ ݁ ̒؂Ʃ ʀƩ ߓϒݒƢ, ݁ ߨ ƣݨ. Ʒƴρ ʀ ߓϒݒƢ ݒݴς ݒݒ, Ƃ ƴ ݒϷ ƷƢƩ ƮߢƧΩ ݂ƢΩ ش݂.

ǂ ƣݨ. ݂ .

ƴˮ ݀ ư Ʒ ӧ Ƨ ̨خ ؓ. ƶ ݁ ݒ, ߨƶ ư Ƨƣ Ƣ, ݂ Ϸ. ݷƒ ƴρ Ƣ ƒʮ.

ݰƒ ́˂ ƒ ƨ˂ ́Ƃƨ ƢƧ ݂Ԓ Ʒݢ ݴƷ ưƧ ݨƢ ̴Ƣ. ݰƒ ́˂ ߂ݒ, ݷƢ ƣݨ ݂Ԓ, Ʒƴρ Ƃ ư݀ Ƣ ̒ ߶. ݂, ƴԀƩ ݷݨ ƣݨ ƣ, ư ƶ δ ݴςˀ ʀ ߓϒݒ ̒Ʃ ƣݨ, ݀ Ʒ ƒ ݷ. Ѵ ƴˮ ݷƢ Ʃ Ɓݴݷ ݰƒ ߧƢπ, ƒ΀ ƒ ƒݴ ƒ Ʒݴς. 駂 ݷ ˴ ƒƨ, , ƣ, ݁ Ƃ ݰݴ , Ƃ ƴݴ ƣ ƨشƢ ƢƧ ƀ . Ȁ Ƨ Ƣ, ưƒ, Ʒ ݣƧ ݷ Ʃ ƣݨ, Ƣݴ ߧ ˀ ƒ ߢ Ʃ ؀. Ѵ π ݷ Ʃ Ɓݴݷ π: ƴςΨ ƨ Ƨƣ Ԓ Ƃ Դ Ƃʮ Ƃ ƴ ƴƧƣ ƣ ƒ. 瀷ƴρ Ƣ ˴ ƨ݂ Ʈ ԒԨ Ȁ ƴρ ˴ ƒƨ, Ƃ Ƣݴ ƴ ưƧ ݨ ƣݨ ́˂, , ƴ ݴς ƣݨ.

.

ݴς΀ ƷԒ ư ƷԒ ߴ Ƨ. ݒ ݣӒ ư ƷƢ Ƨ: 1) Ω; 2) ݴςΩ; 3) ̨ʮƂݴςΩ; 4) ʮݴςΩ. 󓢷Ω, - ƣ ʮ Ʒ݀ ƁȀ ݂ݨ . ݴςΩ Ƨ ƒƷ ݴςƨ ʀ ؀ݰƒ ʮ. ̨ʮƂݴςƨ Ƨ ƒƷԒ ΀ , ƒˀ ؀Ƃݴς΀ ݁, Ȯ ʀ ƒ ʮ, ݂Ƣ݂ Ʒư ƴ ߂݂. ʮݴςƨ Ƨ ƒƷԒ ΒƢ΀ ݁, ƒ΀ ƣ ƨƣݒ, ԒƢݒ ʀ ư.

Ѵ ݰƒƢ ́˂, ݁ Ƨݢݒ, Ȯ ƷƩ ƧƧƩ ݓ, ݶ ߂ݒ ݁ ݰƒ݀ ؀Ω, Ω Ƨ. ݂ ݴȮ ݂Ʃ ƷԒ ư ƴ߂ ݰƒ ́˂ ΰ ؒݴς ( ݂Ʃ ) ƧƧƢ Ƨ ư, ݢ ݁ ݰƒ ƷȮ ƣݨ.

Ƨ ƣ ƷԒ ƷƮ ̴Ƣ: 1) ؀ݒΩ; 2) Ω; 3) ݁Ω; 4) ߓݴςΩ; 5) ؒ; 6) ; 7) ƴ݁ݴςΩ.

1. ݒΩ. Ƣ, Ƣ݂Ω ƷԒ ؀ݒƩ ʮ, ˀ ư݀ Ʒƨ خϨ. ƒ , ƒΩ Ӱ ݒ , ݴ, Ӵ ƒΩ ݀, Ƃ Ƃ ƶ Γ - ƴρ Ʒ ƣ, ݁ ̒ ݣ. Ƣ, ƒƣ ƢԒ, Ƃ/Ƃ "Ω ", ƶ ƁݒϷ ݁ ݁ƣ Ƨ ƨ.

2. 췒Ω. Ƣ, Ƣ݂Ω ƷԒ Ʃ ʮ, ƴˮ ݀ ˀ ݓ݀ , Ƨݢݒ. , ư ߣƢ, , ʮ Ƃ/Ƃ ƨ , ƣ ƒƷϷ ƨ ؓ Ƣ.

3. ݁Ω. ݁΀ ư ӰԒ ƣƢ, ư ߴ΀ ݷ؀ ; Ƃ Ӓ, ˀ ݀ ƨ ݴς ʮ. 瀁ƒΨ ؓ Ƃ ʮ ݰƒ ݁Ψ ݨ ԢӒ: ƴˮ Ʒݢƨ ݷƢ, ư ݣ݀ ..

4. ǮߓݴςΩ. Ǯߓݴς Ƣ݂Ω ˀ ݓ݀ Ƣ ʮ ݣԧΨ ؓ. , ݀ ݁ Ȯ, ݁ , ݩ, ݔ ưݶ, ݰ Ƃʮ, ƒƷԒ ߓݴς Ƣ݂Ψ ݨ.

5. ؒ. ̒ƨ ؓ Ƣ ƒƷԒ , ˀ Ʒ݀ Ƣ ʮ Ʒƨ ݂ Ʒ݂. ݁Ʃ ƴ Ƣݒ , ݩ , ƒƣݒ ݁ ƶ ƴˀ ƴ Ƣ. /Ƃ خ΢Ӓ ʮ . ƶ ݁ςƀ ƷԒ, ݁ ƴӒ ʮ ݴ. ؒ ƷӒ ʮ Ʃ.

6. 䮂. 䮂 Ƣ݂ƨ ưƧ ݒϷ ƣ, ư ˀ Ʈ Ƣ ʮ. ӧ, ƒΨ ؀ݰƒ ƀ ʮ ưƧ ݒϷ , ݩ , ݒ ݁Ʃ- ݷ , ư ƒƷԒ Ƣ݂Ψ ݨ. ƒ, ƷԂ ݀, Ƨݢݒ, , ƶ ݁ ƒƷϷ ̒ƨ ؓ Ƣ. ܀Ȯ, ƒ΀ ݂Ԓ, ݒ ߴ΀ ݒݴ, Ȯ΢Ӓ ƶ ݂Ӓ ݢςΨ ݂ݴƨ ߴƣ ݒݴƢ, ƒƷԒ Ƣ݂Ψ ݨ.

7. 鴔݁ݴςΩ. ̒ƨ ؓ Ƣ ƒƷԒ ӧ, ƒ΀ ˀ ݮӒ ʮ ® Ƣ΀ ȓȀ. , ݷʮ ƒ ʮ Ψ ݨ ƢΨ ȓȀԨ, ƶ ݁Ƣݒ ݁ Ƣ ƴ݁ݴςƣ .

鰓Ȯ Ԓ.

Ʒݢ ƣݨ, ݁ ݧݒƨ ưƧ ΢ݒ ƨƂƢ: 1) ƒʮ; 2) ԷƷ ʀ; 3) ƒ ݧݨ ư; 4) ƷƢݒςƷ; 5) ưݒ ƢˀƢ݂ ƣݨ; 6) Ʒ ݢ΁Ƣ; 7) ƢˀƢ݂ ưݒ ʀ .

1. ƒʮ - ̒ Ƣ݂ Ƣ ʀ ư. Ԓ, ƒ΀ ƢӒ Ƣ ʀ ư , ߢƴӒ Ԓ Ƃʮ ԴςƷ ݨƨ ʀ ݂Ʃ ƣݨ, ƢӒ ݮƢ݂Ʒ Ƣ ƣݨ.

2. Ʒ ʀ ưƧ Ƣ, ư Ƃ ƣ ƂԒ ݧ ƣݨ Ʒ ݁ Ʈ ʀ, ݁ ʀ ƣݨ. 񀴮 ƣݨ ƴ η Ƣ ƴ ƧݢԒ .

3. ƒ ݧݨ ư ߂݀, ش݂Ƣ݂΀ Ԓ ƴ ƷưƢݒ ˀ ƀ ݣ݀Ʃ ʮ. ưƀ ݂ ƴ Β ƨ, Ӓ , ƨ, ݀ Ƨݢݒ. ƒ ݧݨ ư () ؒ߮ ߨƶƷ Ʒ ݀ ߓϒݒƢ; () ݀ ƣݨ ݨ ƷưƷ Ƣ Ʒݒ ʮ; () Ʒư Ʒƀ ƣݨ ƷƢ ˀȀ Β Ƣ; () ƨƣ݀ ݨ ݒ ʮ, ƴ Ƨƣ ʮ, ƴƩ ƣ .

4. ƷƢݒςƷ ߂݀ , ݁ ݂Ԓ Ӓ ƧӒ ʮ ݂Ԓ. ݁ ݂Ԓ ƴ Β ش݂Ƣ݂ ݁ ưƨ, ư ݶƀ ƷȀ ݂Ԓ ߢݴ ݢ΁, ư΀ ΧȀ ݂Ԓ. ƴς΀ ݂Ԓ ƣ ݷˮ ƴς ƢƩ ʮ.

5. ݒ ƢˀƢ݂ ƣݨ ƨƣӒ Ƣ, ݣ݀ ʮ ƒ ݴԨ ƨƣӒ Ƣݒ ƣݨ ݁ ưƨ, ư Ƃ ݴ ݧݒƩ ݴςƩ ʮ.

6. Ʒ ݢ΁Ƣ ߂݀ ݁ ݂Ԓ, ƒ ƣ ưƢݒ ݢ΁, ư΀ ƧƩ ʮ, ʮ, ƒƩ ƒ ƂƩ.

7. ƢˀƢ݂ ưݒ ʀ ƣݨ ƨƣӒ ݔƢݒ ƴ΀ ݢ΁ ݒ Ψ ݴςƩ ߂Ʃ ݰ ʮ Ƣ.

ʀ ݂ƢƩ ƷԒςƷ ƣݨ.<p>

ݰƒ ́˂ ƴ Β ƷԂ ʀ ߓϒݒ ưƢݒςƩ ƣݨ ݒ Ʒݢ ؀ ƣݨƩ ʀ. 񀴮 ƣݨ Ӓ ƒƷԨ ư݀ƣ Ƃ; Ԩ ʀ ߓϒݒƢ ԢӒ: ؀ ݮƢ݂ƣ ݷ Ƣ, ݴςΩ Ʒ Ƣ ߨ, ݧݒƷ ݒ ƴΨ ߓϒݒݨ.

񀴮 ʀ ߓϒݒƢ.

뮷 ʀ ߓϒݒƢ δ ݰƒ݂ , ư ư؀ ƴ߂ ưݒ , ݰƒȓ ߢ ƣݨ ́˂. ݰƒ ́˂ ƴ Է ݢԒ ʀ Ƨƴƣ ƴ ߓϒݒƢ ƨ ưݒƩ ߮. Ѵ ƣ, ư ƴƢݒ ߓϒݒ ʀ ƣݨ ݮƴ ̔Ψ ưƨ, ݰƒ ́˂ ƴ , ƨ Ƃ ư݀ ̒ ߓϒݒ ݢԒ. ݶ ƣݨ ́˂ ԧ ƒ . ƣ ƒƷϷ:

- ݰƒ ́˂;

- ݧݒΩ ݒ ́˂;

- ݰƒ ƣݨ;

- ݷ ƣݨ;

- ݢ Ʃ ݧʮ;

- ư݀Ω Ƃ;

- ݢ ݁ƂƧݒςƩ ݷ.

ݶΩ ̒ ƒ Ʈ ʀ ߓϒݒƷ ƣݨ, :

- ƢˀƢ݂ ؀ݣƣƣ ʀ;

- ƢˀƢ݂ ʀ ݰƒ ƣݨ;

- Ƣ ݂ƢƩ ƷԒςƷ ƣݨ;

- ˀ ƢƧ ӧ;

- ݷˮ ƣݨ;

- ƒ ߓϒݒ ƣݨ ؀ ưȀƷ;

- Ƣˀ ݴʮ Ƨݢݒ;

- ƁȀ Ȁ ƣݨ;

- ưݒςƀ ƣݨ ̴Ƣ.

쨀 ʀݒ ߓϒݒƷ ƣݨ , , ƒ Ȯ Ʒ:

1. Ʈߢ ƣݨ Ƣ΀ Ԓ ߨԀ΀ ؀ ƒςƨ ?

2. ǂ ƣݨ Ƣ΀ Ԓ ݁- Ƣ ߨ ư݀ƨ Ƃ?

3. δ ƣݨ Ƣ΀ Ԓ, ݁ ݒ΀ ݷʮƢ݂ Ʈˀˮ Ƣ ߨԨ ư݀ƨ Ƃ?

4. δ ݂ʮƂ΀ Ԓ, ƷƔ ƣݨ, , ʮƂƢ݂ ƣݨ΀ ʀ ̔ ƴ ߓϒݒƢ?

ʀ΀ Ƨ.

ɴݢΨ Ʒݨ Ƣ݂ ʀ ԢӒ: 1) ƶ , ƣݨ δ ƴ ݁, ݁ ش݂Ƣ݂? 2) ƨƂ ƣݨ ʮƂƢݴ ̔, ƒΨ ߮? 3) ƷƩ ƣݨ ƣ, ư Դ Ƣӧ? 4) δ ư΀ ̔, ƷƩ΀ ƷƢƩ ƣݨ?

ʀ ʀ.

봀Ȯ ƷΩ ƶ ƨ ݰƒ ́˂ ʀ ƣݨ:

1. خˮ ƣݨ, Ȁ ʀ. ƒ ݰƒ ́˂ ݨƨ ƢƧ ʀ ƣݨ, Ʒƴρ ̒ δ ݂ ݂ʮ.

2. , ƨ ƒ ݢ Ʃ ƒ ̒ ݂ʮ.

3. ˮ Ʒ, ݨ ưȀ ʀݒ ƣݨ. Ƣݨ, ݁Ƣ ʀ ƣݨ? ݁Ƣ ƷƢ΀ ʀ?

4. ݓ, ƒ ư݀ Ʒݷ ƀ ʀƩ.

5. Ƣϒ Ȁ ʀ ƣݨ, ƒ΀ ƣ Β , Ʒ؂Ʃ ߨ.

6. , ݁Ʃ Ƣ ݣԧƷ ݨ , ư Ɓݒ ؀˂Ʒ ƣݨ. ƒ Ƣ ƶ Β ݴƶ ʀ ƣݨ.

7. ƒ ʀ ƣݨ.

8. ƧƩ ʀ Ʒưݨ Ʒݢ ݣԧ Ƣ:

- ݓ?

- ˮƒ ݓ?

- ?

- ʀ ƒ Ƣ?

- ʀ ݣԧ Ƣ?

- , ƒƀ ݣԧ Ƣ?

- ƴς΀ Ʒư ƁƢ݂ ߓϒݒƢ ƣݨ?

- ߨƶƷ Ƣ ʀ?

9. ߧݩ ưϒ ưƧΩ .

10. ǂ ƣݨ.

11. 듨 ߓ ߓϒݒ ƣݨ.

12. ƧƒƢϒ ƒ ƒς ӧ , ƒ ݂ .

13. ƴߓ ʮ ߓϒݒ ƣݨ ش݂Ƣ݂ Ȁ ƣݨ.

΀ Ʒư.

ݶ 1. - ̒ ƴˀ, Ʒ Ƣ.

ݷ . ݁ Ƃ...

ƴ ݷݨ

1. خˮ ݒʀ Ʃ ݨΩ ƨȮ ưƢݒςΩ Β, ƒΩ ƴ ݨ ˁƴςƩ ݨϮ. 钨ϒ, ˮ ݷˮ ̒ƒ Β.

2. ݁Ʃ ƷưƢ ư ΰݴ , ݷ Β Ƨݢ݂, ݁Ʃ Ʒư Ƨ ݒݴ ݀?

3. ַ - ˀ ưƢݒςƨ Β, ƒ ߨ ˓ Ƃ?

ݷ . ݁ Ƃ ...

ƴԒ ݨ - ݷݨ

1. Ƨ Ʈ ƒݨ ݂ ݷݨ . ݩ ƶ ƒ , ƒΨ ݧݴ Ƣˀ ƀ ưƢ݂; ݁ ς Ƨ ư. 钴Ӓ ̒ Ƨ ƒ , ݀ ?

2. ΰ ߂΀ . ݁Ʃ ƧݢݒϷ Ƨ ΰݴ, ư Ƨ ̒ ƷݴςΨ ݷݨ ? 〣 ݴ ݨ ̒ƒ Ƨ?

ݶ 2. Ƃ݂ ƴƶ .

ƴƶ.<p>

뀨 먮Ƣ Ƨ݀ , ƷݴƷ , ƒƩ ݧ ƒ π Ɓƴ. 宷 먮, ƒ £ݴ, ݰ , ̀݀ ϣ Ϯ ƣ, ư Ʒ Ƨ. ƴςΩ Ƨ 먮 ƴ݀ ƒ ݷ Ƃ , ݢƨưς ݴ ݒ. ηˀ ưƢ݂ ԢԀ , ƣ ΢Ӓ "Ω ƴ". 宷 먮 ݰƒ݀ ݷƨ ݁ݴƩ ݢ ƒ ƴ ݰƒݒ ݨ. 먮Ƣ ƀ , 7 13 . ַ Ƨ ƣ ݂ݒϷ Ϩ ݨ, ݨӒ ݰˁ ˁ. ݰˁ ˁ Ӓ ݁ƀ ݷ ʀƢ Ԓ, Ƃ ƷӒ ʀƢ ݁ , ݁ ƷԨ. 倷 봀 ́˂ ݣ݀ ƣݨ ư £ݴƨ ; ݂Ԓ ƣݨ ƧԨ ݨ, .

1. ݁ ݁ ݮƴ Ԓς ݂Ʃ ʮ, ư 먮Ƣ £ݴƨ ? ݁ ݧʮ, ߂΀ ݁ ʀƷ ƣ ƢԒ ʮ? ݁ ́Ƃƨ Ƣ ԢӒ ݮƴ Ψ ݂Ʃ ʮ?

2. ݁ ݁ ݂Ʃ ʮ ԒƢݒ ư 먮Ƣ, ݁ ƨƣݒ?

Ʒư Ʒ Ʒݢ ʀ.

- ݮƴ ƧƧȮ Ʒư.

Ƣˀ Ƣ ߂݂ - ʮ, , , ݴƣ,

߮, Ƃʮ, ưƢ݂, ƴƁ, , ݩ, ƒ, ư ݂ , .

Ƃ݂ - ݷ ݓ ư, Ƃʮ, , , ʀ ˀ ư ؓ , , ΰΩ Ƨ, ʀ ƨƢ.

ư ݢ΁Ƣ - ƴ΀ , ݶ, , ݁ ݂Ԓ, ˒.

݂ - ư Βƨ, Ƣ΀ , ƴ΀ , ƨƢ, ΰΩ Ƨ, , ݁ ݂Ԓ.

Ƣ - , ʮ, ݒ, ݴƣ, ߮, ƴƁ, , ݢԀ΀ , ư Βƨ, ƴ΀ , ƨƢ, .

Ƣˀ - , Ƃʮ, , ݩ, ư Βƨ, ηݢ, Ƣ, ݁ ݂Ԓ.

ߴ΀ Ʒư Ƣ ݂Ԓ.

ݴς΀.

˒

ƨ ƨӒ

ƀ ư

(߀, Ƣ)

ش݂Ƣ݂΀ ƀ

߮ƂΩ

݁

瀰ƴˮ

(ư Ԩ)

(ư Ƣ ƒƢ)

݂ݴ ƒς ݀

ƷƮߢ Ԓ ʮ

Ƃʮ

ƴˮ

ʮ

Ƃʮ

(ư ݴƢ݂Ψ ݷ )

݂ʮ

ݨư ( ݨ ݂Ʃ ݂ʮ)

ݰ (ߨ ƴ ư؀ݒ )

݁ƀ ư (ƢݒϷ ƀ, ʀ ش݂Ƣ݂ƣ ƀ )

Ȁ

Ƣ݂ ưȀ ݨ ƀ

ƷȀ ƂʮƂƣ ݷ

ƀ, ݢ΀ ˀ ư ݂ƣ ưȀ

ݒݴƢ.

ݒ΀: ߀, , , Ӵ . .

ē: ݧ, ݓخ, ݷ.

Ǯߓݴς΀: ݩ, ݔ ưݶ.

뮨ʮƂ΀: ΀ Ʒư, , ƨӒ, ƴ΀ .

: Ƃʮ, Ƨ.

(Ƨ 񀂒 ݶ݂ ʮݒ/봓 ߢ )



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