RUSSIAN LAND PRIVATIZATION PROJECT
HIGHLIGHTS, OCTOBER 1996

1996-1997 REORGANIZATION SEASON

Expressing his appreciation for progress achieved by the IFC/KHF program, Minister of Agriculture Khlyustun has forwarded a letter to senior management at the British Know How Fund and IFC indicating a desire to form a closer relationship in order to address areas of mutual interest. The Minister also pledged his assistance in coordinating government departments to help achieve objectives of the upcoming reorganization season, specifically in organizing a Fund for rural sector reforms that in the future could take over the major functions of the current IFC/KHF project.

Analyses of the farm surveys conducted over the summer in Rostov, Oryol, Nizhny Novgorod and Ryazan have been completed. It has helped define the expected results of - the process can be expected to provide ownership incentives that lead to new attitudes toward work, improved work behavior, increased productivity and profitability, and recurring reorganization of farm assets measurable by land liquidity.

The IFC/KHF training seminars have now been accepted at the national level for use in both of the MOA's educational institutions-the Russian Academy of Management and Agribusiness (for professional retraining) and the Timiryazev Academy (for undergraduate education). In October, Timiryazev Academy agreed to offer training in the model program to its graduating seniors beginning in spring 1997. To help instill the training of RAMA and Timiryazev trainers with hands-on experience in farm reorganization, discussions are under way with several farms in Moscow Oblast interested in reorganizing.

More than 400 officials and farm members were trained in project-sponsored training seminars during September. The project's web site (http://soil.msu.ru/~land) continues to publicize training materials available. A press release on the web site in October included instructions on the computer hardware and software requirements, how to access the site and how to organize email conferencing.

Transfer of the reorganization work is proceeding on several fronts in Nizhny Novgorod. The oblast DOA together with the project reorganization team reviewed and selected farms to reorganize during the new season. The oblast DOA shares activity in institutionalizing communication work at the raion level, requiring monthly updates and workplans from the RWCs. RWC information workers organized and conducted four training seminars for information workers on intra-farm commissions in October.

In Rostov, the project team has seen reduced input and commitment to the program since Governor Chub was re-elected in September. The administration is now indicating that they are more interested in pursuing investments than technical assistance projects. A Deputy Governor told a visiting delegation from the British Know How Fund that the administration sees the federally approved model as an "experiment" and that they do not have plans to institutionalize the program within the structure of the oblast administration. Despite the lack of support from oblast officials, there is significant support for and interest in the program from the local level and from other organizations. By the end of October, 10 new farms and 3 additional raions have applied for project assistance with farm reorganization. Project-trained staff from Fondovyi Dom [Fund House] will begin gaining hands-on experience in early November by working with a reorganization farm in Myasnikovsky raion. Fondovyi Dom, an off-shoot of the Regional Property Fund, is a potential candidate for institutionalization of the farm reorganization model in Rostov.

In October the Oryol administration provided a proposal that outlines the creation of a company (Region Tsentr) founded by the administration, DOA and Chernozem Association that would carry out farm reorganization work over the long term. It is envisioned that eventually Region Tsentr would become a semi-private agricultural consulting company. The IFC/KHF program was invited to review the administration's proposal and provide input.

Four new oblasts (Krasnodar, Voronezh, Tula, and Samara) have signed agreements with the IFC/KHF program to undertake farm reorganization with guidance from a Mobile Team. Two new Mobile Teams, based in Rostov and Oryol, have been formed entirely from the existing staff roster, testifying to the maturity and depth of the project's Russian specialists in all phases of the farm reorganization work. A training seminar, conducted in Moscow for 57 representatives from all four new oblasts, included computer training and management of the farm reorganization process as well as a roundtable with oblast, raion and farm officials that had previously gone through the farm reorganization process. Twenty-eight oblast, raion, and farm representatives from Tula and Voronezh traveled to Oryol in early October to observe the achievements of farm reorganization. Similar trips are planned over the next few weeks for Krasnodar and Samara.

In Volgograd 51 farms that have expressed an interest in reorganization under the federally approved model this season. Each raion working commission has been further requested by the oblast DOA to reorganize at least one farm before the beginning of the spring planting. A press conference, fully organized and run by the OWG communications team, took place on 21 October with over 40 journalists from the national and oblast press in attendance. The head of the oblast DOA and the project's senior agrarian theorist were keynote speakers at the event.

The results of the gubernatorial elections in Kirov may complicate the issue of transferring OWG costs onto the oblast budget. More than 20 farms have expressed interest in reorganizing under the federally approved model this season.

1996-97 Reorganization Season
REORGANIZATION

ACTIVITY
N. Nov-

gorod
Rostov
Oryol
Volgo-

grad
Kirov
Kras-

nodar
Voro-

nezh
Tula
Samara
Moscow
Total
Raions in which farms are reorganizing


32


4


24


23


20


4


4


-


1


1


109
Farms expressing interest in reorganizing under the federally approved model



114



18



135



51



20



4



4



-



3



2



349
Farms that have submitted applications and have held general meetings to adopt resolution to reorganize



86



4



42



8



-



-



-



-



-



-




140
Farms that have completed reorgani- zation process by holding public distribution meeting or public auction



2



-



1



-



-



-



-



-



-



-



3
Total number of IFC/KHF-assisted farms completing reorganization under federally approved model



129



6



26



2



5



-



-



-



-



-



177*
Total number of government or farm officials trained in project-sponsored training seminars to date



1 894



278



1 101



137



225



-



-



-



-



100



3 735
* Includes 9 farms in Ryazan oblast that reorganized with IFC/CIDA assistance in the 94-96 project.

  • Over one million long-form brochures on Presidential Decree #337 are being distributed by the federal Land Committee to rural dwellers throughout the Russian Federation. The brochures, which were drafted by the IFC/KHF team, describe in simple terms who in Russia has the right to land shares and how to exercise those rights. An additional 400,000 short-form brochures for pensioners, workers,and others are currently being distributed by rural administrations and local land committees.



Institutionalization Benchmarks

  • IFC/KHF training seminars accepted for use in both of MOA's academic institutions, the Russian Academy of Management and Agribusiness (RAMA) for professional continuing education and Timiryazev Academy for undergraduate education.
  • First accreditation course in farm reorganization established at RAMA (July).
  • Tirmiryazev Academy hosts 6-day training seminar for 57 oblast, raion and farm officials from new project-assisted oblasts (Krasnodar, Voronezh, Tula and Samara).
  • Proposal including budget drafted for new institution, Fund ZeRNO, in Nizhny Novgorod to oversee farm reorganization.
  • Oblast DOA in Nizhny Novgorod recently designated staff position to oversee information requirements of farm reorganization work.
  • Oryol oblast administration has proposed plan for creating company to oversee farm reorganization work, eventually to function as semi-private agricultural consulting firm.
  • Restructuring DOAs to provide market-oriented advisory and business management services are under way in Nizhny Novgorod (Arzamas raion) and Rostov (Sholokhovsky raion).
  • Development of independent, regional reorganization center for six Black Earth oblasts (Lipetsk, Kursk, Oryol, Belgorod, Voronezh and Tambov) under way.
  • First formal training in farm reorganization within university system in Russia occurs at Oryol Agricultural Academy (October) for 147 graduating seniors (97 accounting and 50 economics majors).
  • Volgograd OWG communications team fully organizes and presents press conference for over 40 journalists from national and oblast press.


Demonstration Effects
  • Information gathered on land liquidity among the 127 farms privatized and reorganized under the federally approved model (November 1993September 1996) revealed 589 land and property transactions such as land plots received in kind, enterprise mergers, and purchase of land in exchange for property entitlement.

  • A recently completed analysis of the farm surveys conducted in Rostov, Oryol, Nizhny Novgorod and Ryazan last summer has helped define the expected results of reorganization-the process can be expected to provide private ownership incentives that will lead to new attitudes toward work; improved work behavior; increased efficiency, productivity and profitability; and eventually to a new round of reorganization of farm assets (measurable by land market liquidity). The survey was designed to capture a broad range of economic and social indicators including management strategies, worker motivation, social services and land markets. The main lessons learned differ region to region, but each lesson applies to all the regions to some degree.

  • An economic survey of the 1994-95 season on pilot farms in Nizhny Novgorod shows that, on the whole, production and profits increased relative to oblast averages in the first year after reorganization. Annual crop yields were 32% higher. Balance profits per worker (equivalent to profit before tax but after subsidies, in Western accounting) were 36 times higher than the oblast average.

  • Against a backdrop of agricultural hardship across Russia, agricultural business activity has picked up in Nizhny Novgorod-new retail stores, food mini-processing facilities, cafeterias, timber processing units have been opened by new private farmers since reorganization. Plus, more than 400 examples of liquidity in the market (purchases of land or property, withdrawals and reinvestment of shares, mergers or changes in enterprise structure) have been documented.

  • An analysis in July comparing reorganized and non-reorganized farms in Nizhny Novgorod, based on farm production and financial data provided by the local department of agriculture, found that, on average, reorganized farms react more quickly to market signals and are better able to position themselves for growth when market conditions improve.



95/96 Season Summary
  • Reorganization-At the end of its third season in May 1996, the project has assisted 174 farms in 6 oblasts to reorganize under the federally approved model: Nizhny Novgorod (127), Rostov (6), Oryol (25), Ryazan (8), Volgograd (2) and Kirov (5). Reorganization results include the following: 850 new enterprises established; 600,000 hectares of farm land privatized; and 68,000 people participating in project-assisted reorganization.

  • Training and Consulting Outreach- By the end of the 1995-96 season, attendance figures for the training seminars developed to transfer expertise in the federally approved model for farm reorganization stood at more than 2,500 officials in 11 oblasts. An additional 13 regions have also received training: Belgorod, Chuvashia, Kaliningrad, Krasnoyarsk, Kursk, Marii-El, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Tatarstan, Tula, Udmurtia, Voronezh, and Yaroslavl. Officials and institutes in more than 20 oblasts have requested training materials to conduct seminars for reorganizing farms.

  • Program Publications-A program manual containing the principles and step-by-step procedures for farm reorganization plus an annex of relevant federal legislation, examples of local legislation facilitating land reform, and model contracts and documents was published in summer 1995; the manual was updated in January 1996 to reflect new federal legislation. Three training packages have been completed including a seminar for oblast and raion working commissions, a seminar for on-farm commissions, and a seminar on post-privatization issues (such as business planning) plus an organizer/trainer manual.

  • Information Dissemination-In summer 1995, 10,000 first-edition program manuals were distributed to federal-level officials; all oblast administrations, departments of agriculture, state property committees, and land committees; all raion administrations; selected agricultural institutions; and regional project offices for distribution to farms. In winter 1996, one 2-volume set of the second-edition program manual was distributed to all 26,000 collective farms in Russia. In winter 1996, training materials were distributed to all local ministries of agriculture and academic institutions.